ur all over South Africa, but in progressive degrees
of virulence with the advance to warmer latitudes, and with the descent
from the high table-lands to the coast levels. On the Transvaal high
veldt, for example, a mild form is developed which, in midsummer, to a
small extent, affects and kills sheep. It is called _blaauwtong_, and
does not affect horses. Descending further, this danger to sheep
increases and begins earlier. Below 5,000 feet altitude in the Transvaal
the summer season is dangerous to sheep, and horses and mules are
subject to horse sickness; whilst lower still the same malaria attains
sufficient virulence to attack human beings, and becomes very deadly
upon levels nearing the coast. Komati poort, the frontier railway
station already mentioned, is dreaded as a still worse death-trap than
even Delagoa Bay, where it is very unsafe, say, from December to end of
April. The season of horse sickness terminates upon the appearance of
the first sharp frost in May. The safeguards for human beings consist in
avoidance at night and early morning of low-lying localities, or such
elevated places even which are subject to be invaded by miasmatic
emanations produced on and wafted from dangerous lower levels. Drink no
unboiled water except that from deep wells or rain-water; maintain
careful and moderate diet, active habits, but avoiding extreme exertions
and excitements; a very sparing use of alcoholic drinks, preferably
taken with the regular meals, is admissible.

Donkeys, horned cattle, and goats are exempt from malarial risks.

For horses and mules no certain remedy appears as yet to be known. The
best research, on behalf of the Transvaal Government, by specially
requisitioned French bacteriologists, assisted by that famous
microbe-hunter, Dr. Theiler (Dr. Theiler is the Transvaal veterinary
surgeon and chief of the Medical Laboratory, Pretoria, a noted Swiss
savant, who, with the aid of the said French experts, discovered the
rinderpest inoculation remedy), has failed to find the bacillus of horse
sickness. Barely five per cent, of the horses attacked recover, and
about ten per cent, of mules. These are then called salted, and are
immune from horse sickness; they can after that be safely used in the
worst localities, and are correspondingly more valuable. They are,
however, liable periodically to light after-attacks, when it is safer to
exempt them from work for a day, or for a few hours at least.

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