n
_England_ are so euill thriuing when they come to growth, and our fruit
so bad. Men are loth to bestow much ground, and desire much fruit, and
will neither set their trees in sufficient compasse, nor yet feed them
with manure. Therefore of necessity Orchards must be foiled.

{SN: Time fit for foyling.}
{SN: Kind of foyle.}
The fittest time is, when your trees are growne great, and haue neere
hand spread your earth, wanting new earth to sustaine them, which if
they doe, they will seeke abroad for better earth, and shun that, which
is barren (if they find better) as cattell euill pasturing. For nature
hath taught euery creature to desire and seeke his owne good, and to
auoid hurt. The best time of the yeere is at the Fall, that the Frost
may bite and make it tender, and the Raine wash it to the roots. The
Summer time is perillous if ye digge, because the sap fills amaine. The
best kind of Foile is such as is fat, hot, and tender. Your earth must
be but lightly opened, that the dung may goe in, and wash away; and but
shallow, lest you hurt the roots: and the spring closely and equally
made plaine againe for feare of Suckers. I could wish, that after my
trees haue fully possessed the soile of mine Orchard, that euery seuen
yeeres at least, the soile were bespread with dung halfe a foot thicke
at least. Puddle water out of the dunghill powred on plentifully, will
not onely moisten but fatten especially in _Iune_ and _Iuly_. If it be
thicke and fat, and applied euery yeere, your Orchard shall need none
other foiling. Your ground may lye so low at the Riuer side, that the
floud standing some daies and nights thereon, shall saue you all this
labour of foiling.

CHAP. 13.

_Of Annoyances._

A Chiefe helpe to make euery thing good, is to auoid the euils thereof:
you shall neuer attaine to that good of your Orchard you looke for,
vnlesse you haue a Gardner, that can discerne the diseases of your
trees, and other annoyances of your Orchard, and find out the causes
thereof, and know & apply fit remedies for the same. For be your ground,
site, plants, and trees as you would wish, if they be wasted with
hurtfull things, what haue you gained but your labour for your trauell?
It is with an Orchard and euery tree, as with mans body, The best part
of physicke for preseruation of health, is to foresee and cure diseases.

{SN: Two kinds of euils in an Orchard.}
All the diseases of an Orchard are of two sorts, either interna