k.

The antelope choose a flat plain on which to give birth to their
young in order to be well away from the wolves which are their
greatest enemy; and the fawns are taught to lie absolutely
motionless upon the ground until they know that they have been
discovered. Apparently they are all born during the last days of
June and in the first week of July. The great herds which we
encountered were probably moving northward both to obtain better
grazing and to drop their young on the Turin plain. During this
period the old bucks go off singly into the rolling ground, and the
herds are composed only of does and yearling males. It was always
possible to tell at once if an antelope had a fawn upon the plain,
for she would run in a wide circle around the spot and refuse to be
driven away.

We encountered only two species of antelope between Kalgan and Urga.
The one of which I have been writing, and with which we became best
acquainted, was the Mongolian gazelle (_Gazella gutturosa_). The
other was the goitered gazelle (_Gazella subgutturosa_). In the
western Gobi, the Prjevalski gazelle (_Gazella prjevalski_) is more
abundant than the other species, but it never reaches the region
which we visited.

The goitered antelope is seldom found on the rolling meadowlands
between Kalgan and Panj-kiang on the south, or between Turin and
Urga on the north, according to our observations; they keep almost
entirely to the Gobi Desert between Panj-kiang and Turin, and we
often saw them among the "nigger heads" or tussocks in the most arid
parts. The Mongolian gazelle, on the other hand, is most abundant in
the grasslands both north and south of the Gobi, but nevertheless
has a continuous distribution across the plateau between Kalgan and
Urga.

On our northward trip in May, when we took motion pictures of the
antelope on the Panj-kiang plain, both, species were present, but
the goitered gazelle far outnumbered the others--which is unusual in
that locality. It could always be distinguished from the Mongolian
gazelle because of its smaller size, darker coloring, and the long
tail which it carries straight up in the air at right angles to the
back; the Mongolian antelope has an exceedingly short tail. The
horns of both species differ considerably in shape and can easily be
distinguished.

During the winter these antelope develop a coat of very long, soft
hair which is light brown-gray in color strongly tinged with rufous
on the head and