est;

Mazzaroth, the constellations of the zodiac corresponding to
the Chambers of the South, which the sun occupies each in its
"season."

The Bear with its "sons," who, always visible, are unceasingly
guided round the pole in the North.

The parallelism in the two passages in Job gives us the right to argue
that _`Ash_ and _`Ayish_ refer to the same constellation, and are
variants of the same name; possibly their vocalization was the same, and
they are but two divergent ways of writing the word. We must therefore
reject Prof. Schiaparelli's suggestion made on the authority of the
Peschitta version of the Scriptures and of Rabbi Jehuda, who lived in
the second century A.D., that _`Ash_ is _`Iy[=u]th[=a]_ which is
Aldebaran, but that _`Ayish_ and his "sons" may be Capella and her
"Kids."

Equally we must reject Prof. Stern's argument that _K[=i]mah_ is Sirius,
_K[)e]s[=i]l_ is Orion, _Mazz[=a]r[=o]th_ is the Hyades and _`Ayish_ is
the Pleiades. He bases his argument on the order in which these names
are given in the second passage of Job, and on the contention of
Otfried Mueller that there are only four out of the remarkable groups of
stars placed in the middle and southern regions of the sky which have
given rise to important legends in the primitive mythology of the
Greeks. These groups follow one after the other in a belt in the sky in
the order just given, and their risings and settings were important
factors in the old Greek meteorological and agricultural calendars.
Prof. Stern assumes that _k[)e]s[=i]l_ means Orion, and from this
identification deduces the others, neglecting all etymological or
traditional evidences to the contrary. He takes no notice of the
employment of the same names in passages of Scripture other than that in
the thirty-eighth chapter of Job. Here he would interpret the "chain,"
or "sweet influences" of _K[=i]mah_ = "Sirius the dog," by assuming that
the Jews considered that the dog was mad, and hence was kept chained up.
More important still, he fails to recognize that the Jews had a
continental climate in a different latitude from the insular climate of
Greece, and that both their agricultural and their weather conditions
were different, and would be associated with different astronomical
indications.

In the 9th verse of the 37th chapter of Job we get an antithesis which
has already been referred to--

"Out of the south cometh the whirlwind: and cold o