er Washington
would have been put down as a statesman; but, of course, each had his
own individual sentiments as a citizen of the Republic. Thus each was
well aware that both the North and the South had to deal with a
population problem of an exceptionally difficult kind. The North had an
unceasing tide of foreign immigration; the South had its Black Belt and
a negro population, which appeared to be competent to double itself in
course of a generation. General Armstrong was as large-hearted a friend
of the coloured race as could have been found, and he appears to have
protested against "either coddling the blacks or hampering the whites"
on the part of the North. In an article in _The International Monthly_
on the Southern question, Mr Edward P. Clark tells us that General
Armstrong "opposed alike Federal Election Laws, designed and
administered in the interest of the blacks, and Federal Education Laws,
appropriating money for the South in the same interest. He urged that a
negro could never become an ordinary citizen until he should cease to be
the 'ward of the nation.'" Booker Washington appears to hold views on
this matter which essentially are in close agreement with the policy of
his late master. _E.g._:--

"General Armstrong did not regard it as a serious misfortune for the
negro that he was discouraged and even prevented from voting. He
condemned unfair methods, but he believed that the cure of such methods
might and should be left to local public sentiment. Mr Washington
opposes unjust race legislation, like the recent proposition in Georgia
to disfranchise the black man, as a black man; but he does not urge the
negroes in his own State of Alabama to make voting the chief end of
life. The keynote of the advice given by both of these leaders to the
negro always has been to make himself a good citizen, worthy to share in
the government of town, State and Republic, and trust to his white
neighbour to recognise his right to such share when that time should
come. 'Be a voter, and then think about being a man'; that was long the
only watchword of the Northern Republican politician for the negro. 'Be
a man, and then think about being a voter'; such is the message to him
from the Armstrongs and the Washingtons."

Mr Clark adds this cheerful note:--

"It is easy enough to make a catalogue of outrage and injustice upon the
Southern blacks, so long and gloomy as to justify a feeling of profound
discouragement regarding