es on by minute
steps, often repeated. The influences make the man. All this constitutes
evidently the most essential and important education. If we understand
what the mores are, and that the contact with one's fellows is all the
time transmitting them, we can better understand, and perhaps regulate
to some extent, this education.

+711. The history of the mores is needed.+ The modern historians turn
with some disdain away from the wars, intrigues, and royal marriages
which the old-fashioned historians considered their chief interest, and
many of them have undertaken to write the history of the "people."
Evidently they have perceived that what is wanted is a history of the
mores. If they can get that they can extract from the history what is
most universal and permanent in its interest.

[2210] _Smithson. Rep._, 1895, 596.

[2211] _Pacific Tales._

[2212] Schallmeyer, _Vererbung und Auslese_, 265.

[2213] According to a German newspaper the parliament of Bavaria,
in 1897, expressed a wish that the government of that state would
not appoint any more Darwinians to chairs in the universities of
the kingdom.

[2214] Friedmann, _Wahnideen im Voelkerleben_, 219.

[2215] Monier-Williams, _Brahmanism and Hinduism_, 39.

CHAPTER XX

LIFE POLICY. VIRTUE VS. SUCCESS

Life policy.--Oaths; truthfulness vs. success.--The clever
hero.--Odysseus, Rother, Njal.--Clever heroes in German
epics.--Lack of historic sense amongst Christians.--Success
policy in the Italian Renaissance.--Divergence between
convictions and conduct.--Classical learning a fad.--The
humanists.--Individualism.--Perverted use of words.--
Extravagance of passions and acts.--The sex relation and the
position of women.--The cult of success.--Literature on the
mores.--Moral anarchy.

+712. Life policy.+ Some primitive or savage groups are very truthful,
both in narrative and in regard to their promises or pledged word. Other
groups are marked by complete neglect of truthfulness. Falsehood and
deceit are regarded as devices by which to attain success in regard to
interests. The North American Indians generally regarded deceit by which
an enemy was outwitted as praiseworthy; in fact it was a part of the art
of war. It is still so regarded in modern civilized warfare. It is,
however, limited by rules of morality. There was question whether the
decep