Richardson, Benjamin H. Bristow, Lot M. Morrill.
Secretaries of War.--John A. Rawlins, William W. Belknap, Alphonso
Taft, James Donald Cameron.
Secretaries of the Navy.--Adolph E. Borie, George M. Robeson.
Postmasters-General.--John A. J. Creswell, James W. Marshall, Marshall
Jewell, James N. Tyner.
Attorneys-General.--E. Rockwood Hoar, Amos T. Akerman, George H.
Williams, Edwards Pierrepont, Alphonso Taft.
Secretaries of the Interior.--Jacob D. Cox, Columbus Delano, Zachariah
Chandler.

By this it will be seen that twenty-four Cabinet officers served under
General Grant. But his number does not include Alexander T. Stewart,
who though confirmed did not enter upon his duties as Secretary of the
Treasury; or General Sherman, who was Secretary of War _ad interim_;
or Eugene Hale, who was appointed Postmaster-General, but never
entered upon service. Mr. Taft is counted only once, though he served
in two Departments.]

[(2) Pennsylvanians have filled the Clerkship of the House for forty
years in all. The best known, besides Mr. McPherson, are Matthew St.
Clair Clarke, Walter S. Franklin and John W. Forney.]

CHAPTER XXIV.

The course of President Grant's Administration in regard to the
Finances had proved in all respects successful. The first bill which
received his signature was the Act "to strengthen the public credit,"
approved March 18, 1869. It pledged the Government to the payment in
coin, or its equivalent, of all obligations, notes, and bonds, except
those where the law authorizing the issue stipulated that payment might
be made in "lawful money," which simply meant legal-tender notes. The
demand for this declaratory Act arose from a desire to undo the evil
which had been caused by the resolution of the Democratic party in the
preceding Presidential election in favor of paying all public debts in
paper, except where coin was specifically named in the law. The
position of each party was therefore precisely the reverse of the
other: the Republicans held the normal law of payment of Government
obligations to be in coin, unless payment in paper money had previously
been agreed upon; the Democrats held that all Government obligations
might be discharged in paper, unless payment in coin had previously
been agreed upon. This was the division line in the Presidential
canvass of 1868, and it was the division line among parties in the
Forty-first Congress. In the House, where the Act had been reported