zes, rubbings, sections with the lead; to study from plates and
make T-square sketches, scratch-book notes, photographic notes, and
memory sketches.

"Travelling students are apt to place too much value on perspective
sketches. Good ones make a nice showing on returning home, but they are
of little value to any one but the maker. It is usually possible to find
photographs of the things over which one spends so many hours making
pretty sketches. But sketches do have a certain value in teaching
rendering, and encourage the habit of observing closely the effect of
light and shade.

"Beautiful pencil sketches may be made on English metallic paper by
simply drawing the shadows on carving in full sunshine: colored papers
are very useful to gain quick effects with the use of Chinese white. A
pad of Whatman water-color paper, imperial size, is much better to work
on than a small cramped little book; and it may be used as a
drawing-board, thus diminishing the number of articles to carry. The
T-square will run along the edge of the block well enough for sketches,
but it is better to carry a straight-edge to clamp on the edge of the
block with thumb-screws for the square to work on. Have a canvas bag
made with a flap in which to carry the block. It will keep out the dirt
and dust of travel and be of great service.

"Sometimes valuable color notes are to be had in crowded buildings where
it is not convenient to sit down and make a large study. For such cases
a small pocket water-color block will be very useful. There is a small
vest-pocket water-color box carrying six colors, which may be set over
the thumb, a water-bottle attached, and with it one can stand unobserved
in a corner and get color notes which otherwise must be passed by. In
studying fresco painting, tempera is very useful. It is mixed up with
water and applied to paper, but may be worked over in the manner of
oils,--a great advantage in making studies.

"The _chambre eclaire_ is invaluable as an aid to drawing, in blocking
out water-colors. It will enable one to make a drawing in an hour which
otherwise would require all day. It is an instrument little known
outside of Paris, but is much in use there among architects. It consists
of a prism mounted on a telescoping leg which may be fastened to the
drawing-board. The eye looks through the prism and sees the building
reflected on the paper; all that remains to do is to trace this outline.
It does not teach one to dr