es to the Philippines on private ships; and, instead
of paying the owners freight thereon, he permits them, contrary to
the royal decrees, to carry money to the islands for investment,
on which they make enormous profits.

[23] This letter was addressed to Felipe II; but of course its
writer had not then received news of the king's death, which occurred
September 13, 1598; he was succeeded by his son, Felipe III (_Vol_. 1,
p. 353).

[24] See list of encomiendas existing in 1591 (_Vol_. VIII); this
encomienda is there named Passi.

[25] These italic paragraphs are a part of the letter itself. The
matter included in brackets and preceded by the words "_In the margin_"
is remarks written in Spain.

[26] The letters or words in brackets are conjectural readings, the
original being illegible or worn in many places. When no conjectural
reading is given, the break is indicated by leaders.

[27] A sort of vessel with lateen-rigged sails, used in the Levant
trade; the name is of Arabic origin.

[28] Thus in original--apparently a misnumbering of paragraphs.

[29] See La Concepcion's account of Dasmarinas's unfortunate expedition
(_Hist. de Philipinas_, iii, pp. 231-277).

[30] Bolinao is the name of a cape at the northwest extremity of the
peninsula of Zambales, Luzon; also applied to a narrow channel between
that cape and the small island of Santiago. The submarine cable from
Hongkong formerly landed here, but now reaches Manila direct.

[31] The paragraphs in italics which accompany the sections of Tello's
letter are apparently brief summaries thereof, made by some clerk
for the use of the Council of the Indias.

[32] Referring to the diocese of Nueva Caceres (also known as
Camarines). It was offered successively to three Franciscans, two of
whom declined the honor; the third, Fray Pedro Bautista, was already
a martyr in Japan when the royal decree arrived at Manila. The office
was finally conferred (1600) upon Francisco de Ortega, O.S.A. Benavides
was the first bishop of Nueva Segovia, and Agurto of Cebu.

[33] A grant of graces, indulgences, and dispensations awarded by
the Holy See to the faithful of either sex, inhabitants of Spain,
Portugal, their colonies, and the kingdom of Naples. The condition
requisite for the enjoyment of these favors is the contribution yearly
of a small alms for the support of divine worship and maintenance of
institutions of beneficence, as hospitals, asylums, and the like. Among
th