ept for first and second
grades, where a slightly larger amount is set aside for the purpose,
pupils are expected to receive one hour per week.

TABLE 13.--TIME GIVEN TO PHYSICAL TRAINING
======+=======================+========================
| Hours per year | Per cent of grade time
Grade +-----------+-----------+-----------+------------
| Cleveland | 50 cities | Cleveland | 50 cities
------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------
1 | 63 | 46 | 8.7 | 5.4
2 | 54 | 41 | 6.2 | 4.5
3 | 38 | 40 | 4.4 | 4.5
4 | 38 | 40 | 4.3 | 4.2
5 | 38 | 38 | 4.3 | 4.0
6 | 38 | 40 | 4.3 | 4.2
7 | 38 | 38 | 4.3 | 3.7
8 | 38 | 39 | 4.3 | 4.0
------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------
Total | 345 | 322 | 5.0 | 4.2
------+-----------+-----------+-----------+------------

Even though it is a little above the average amount of time, it is
nevertheless too little. A week consists of 168 hours. After deducting
12 hours a day for sleep, meals, etc., there remain 84 hours per week
to be used. In a state of nature this was largely used for physical
play. Under the artificial conditions of modern city life, the nature
of children is not changed. They still need huge amounts of active
physical play for wholesome development. Most of this they will get
away from the school, but as urban conditions take away proper
play opportunities, the loss in large degree has to be made good
by systematic community effort in establishing and maintaining
playgrounds and playrooms for 12 months in the year. The school and
its immediate environment is the logical place for this development.

The course of study lays out a series of obsolescent Swedish
gymnastics for each of the years. The work observed was mechanical,
perfunctory, and lacking in vitality. Sandwiched in between exhausting
intellectual drill, it has the value of giving a little relief and
rest. This is good, but it is not sufficiently positive to be called
physical training.

Very desirable improvements in the course are being advocated by the
directors and supervisors of the work. They are recommending, and
introducing where conditions will permit, the use of games, athletics,
fol