, as they have threatened, in order
to drive us from our own. The fifth is from the English, who were in
Maluco and noted our weakness (who, when in Maluco, had information
of the weakness of Manila--_Madrid MS._). A fort is needed in Ylocos
or Cagayan, as a defense against the Japanese and Chinese robbers;
another in Cebu, against Burney and the Malucos; another in Panpanga,
against the Canvales, or rebels. These with the fort of Manila will
give security, and at a very slight cost to his Majesty, more than
to order it, for materials are abundant, and almost all the natives
are workmen.

4. _That there should be ships to ensure the safety of the islands._
Fourth: Besides these presidios, there should be some coasting galleys
or fragatas, to make the coasts secure, and ward off the invasions
of the Japanese. They (are accustomed to come every year, chiefly
to the region of Cagayan and Ylocos, to--_Madrid MS._) rob and kill
many natives, and seize the Chinese vessels that bring us food and
goods, so that much is lost, and commerce and plenty hindered. They
also cause the Chinese, returning from Manila to their country, not
to take the usual route; and they harm our Indians by sea and land,
as they do even now. The fragatas can also protect us against other
Chinese and Bornean pirates; and against any other emergencies and
dangers, from foreigners or from the natives.

5. _That no confidence can be placed in the natives._ Fifth: In order
that the necessity for these forts and presidios above mentioned may
be understood, notification should be given that, with the arrival of
Englishmen or any other enemy, it would be necessary for the Spaniards,
for lack of these forts, especially in Manila, to seek refuge and be
dispersed inland. There, beyond, any doubt, they would all be killed,
or run great risk of it, because the Indians of the Philippinas are
knaves (very warlike; and the Spaniards and soldiers have so harassed
them, on account of having no pay or food, that--_Madrid MS._);
and as they receive so many wrongs and such ill treatment from the
soldiers (who can almost be excused for doing it, by their poverty),
if they had such an opportunity, they would kill as many as possible,
since even now, without having such occasion for it, they never lose
any opportunity, and daily kill Spaniards.

Chapter eighth. Of the expeditions and pacifications necessary

1. _That much can be gained, and many Christians made, at bu