e industrial conditions only, also the manner in which the
property relations develop affects marriages in a high degree, as just
seen in Ireland. The Year-Book of Schmoller for 1885, section 1, gives
information on the statistics of population of the Kingdom of
Wuertemberg, from which it appears strikingly that with the increase of
large age _declines_, while the number of _unmarried_ men between the
ages of 40 and 50 _rises_:

Percentage of Males.
Percentage of Landed Married Unmarried
Property by of the of the
Hectares. Age of Age of
Districts. Up to 5. 5-20. Over 20. 25-30. 40-50.
Upper Neurenburg 79.6 20.4 0.0 63.6 4.4
East of Stuttgart 78.9 17.7 3.4 51.3 8.1
South of Stuttgart 67.6 24.8 7.6 48.6 8.7
North of Stuttgart 56.5 34.8 8.8 50.0 10.0
Schwarzwald 50.2 42.2 7.6 48.6 10.1
Upper Neckar 43.6 40.3 16.1 44.3 10.8
Eastward 39.5 47.6 12.8 48.7 10.0
Northeast, except
north of Hall 22.2 50.1 27.7 38.8 10.6
Swabian Alb 20.3 40.8 38.3 38.8 7.5
North Upper Swabia 19.7 48.0 32.3 32.5 9.7
From Hall eastward 15.5 50.0 34.5 32.5 13.8
Bodensee district 14.2 61.4 24.4 23.5 26.4
Middle and South
Upper Swabia 12.6 41.1 46.3 30.0 19.1

There can be no doubt: small landed property favors marriages: it makes
a living possible for a larger number of families, although the living
be modest. Large landed property, on the contrary, works directly
against marriage, and promotes celibacy. All the figures here quoted
prove, accordingly, that, not _morals_, but purely _material_ causes are
the determining factor. _The number of marriages, like the moral
conditions of a commonwealth, depends upon its material foundations._

The fear of want, the mental worry lest the children be not educated up
to their station,--these are further causes that drive the wives, in
particular, of all ranks to actions that are out of keeping with nature,
and sti