s no impatience
or anger towards its exhausted beast, knowing well that it is only
necessary to come back a little later or to go to another member of
the herd. Nor are his cares lessened by finding the source dried up.
He foresees that it will still be good after repose, and if it is
hungry he disgorges food for it.

_Degrees of civilisation in the same species of Ants._--These facts
are sufficiently marvellous in themselves, but are more surprising
when we recollect that they cannot be regarded as an innate and
unreflecting instinct with which all the individuals of the same
species are endowed. The art of domesticating the _Claviger_ is a
stage of civilisation reached by some tribes and not by others.
Lespes[66] has placed this out of doubt in the following manner. He
had specimens of _Lasius niger_ who exploited a flock of Coleoptera.
Having met ants of the same species who possessed no flocks, he
brought them some. At the sight of the little insects they threw
themselves on them, killed them, and devoured them. If we compare
these facts with those which pass in human societies, it will seem to
us that these latter Hymenoptera behave like a horde of hunters in the
presence of a flock of sheep, while the first have already arrived at
the sheep-herding stage.

[66] "Recherches sur quelques Coleopteres aveugles," _Ann.
Sc. Nat._, v. Serie, t. ix., 1868, p. 71.

_Aphis-pens and paddocks._--Ants can also keep Aphides in their homes.
In this case, fearing that the adult beasts may not be able to adopt a
change of surroundings and food, they bring the eggs to their nests
and care for them at the same time as their own children. In time they
come out and constitute a flock easy to tame. Other ants, still more
intelligent, have discovered a method of holding the Aphides captive,
while allowing them to enjoy their accustomed life, and to feed at
will on the foods they prefer on their own favourite spots. It is
sufficient for this purpose to establish barriers around a group of
cattle who have themselves fixed the place of their sojourn. The
_Lasius niger_, a skilful architect, constructs vaulted passages from
his dwelling into the country. These covered roads, built with earth
moistened with saliva, have various ends; some have been made in order
to reach remote work sheltered from the sun, or to give concealment
from enemies. Many lead to the pens of the Aphides; they reach from
the anthill as far as the foot