ircumstances do you have competition between individuals
and competition between groups?

47. What do you understand by the statement that anarchism, socialism,
and communism are based upon the ecological conceptions of society?

48. What is the difference between an opinion or a doctrine taken (a)
as a datum, and (b) as a value?

49. From what point of view may the dependent, the delinquent, and the
defective be regarded as "inner enemies"? Is this notion
individualistic, socialistic, or how would you characterize it?

FOOTNOTES:

[180] Bastiat, Frederic, _Oeuvres completes_, tome VI, "Harmonies
economiques," 9e edition, p. 381. (Paris, 1884.)

[181] Walker, Francis A., _Political Economy_, p. 92. (New York, 1887.)

[182] See chap. i, pp. 51-54.

[183] The introduction of the rabbit into Australia, where predatory
competitors are absent, has resulted in so great a multiplication of the
members of this species that their numbers have become an economic
menace. The appearance of the boll weevil, an insect which attacks the
cotton boll, has materially changed the character of agriculture in
areas of cotton culture in the South. Scientists are now looking for
some insect enemy of the boll weevil that will restore the equilibrium.

[184] Adapted from J. Arthur Thomson, _Darwinism and Human Life_, pp.
72-75. (Henry Holt & Co., 1910.)

[185] Adapted from Charles Darwin, _The Origin of Species_, pp. 50-61.
(D. Appleton & Co., 1878.)

[186] Adapted from Charles Darwin, _The Origin of Species_, pp. 97-100.
(D. Appleton & Co., 1878.)

[187] Adapted from George W. Crile, _Man: An Adaptive Mechanism_, pp.
17-39. (Published by The Macmillan Co., 1916. Reprinted by permission.)

[188] Adapted from F. E. Clements, _Plant Succession_. An analysis of
the development of vegetation, pp. 75-79. (Carnegie Institution of
Washington, 1916.)

[189] Adapted from Carl Buecher, _Industrial Evolution_, pp. 345-69.
(Henry Holt & Co., 1907.)

[190] From William Z. Ripley, _The Races of Europe_, pp. 537-59. (D.
Appleton & Co., 1899.)

[191] Adapted from Francis A. Walker, _Economics and Statistics_, II,
421-26. (Henry Holt & Co., 1899.)

[192] Adapted from John B. Clark, "The Limits of Competition," in Clark
and Giddings, _The Modern Distributive Process_, pp. 2-8. (Ginn & Co.,
1888.)

[193] Adapted from Adam Smith, _An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of
the Wealth of Nations_, I (1904), 419, 421. (By kind permission of
Mes