ersity tutor who was
sometimes substituted for the parson, as an appropriate guardian.

Footnote 391: _The Bear-Leaders_, London, 1758.

Footnote 392: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu met many of these pairs at Rome,
where she writes that, by herding together and throwing away their money
on worthless objects, they had acquired the title of Golden Asses, and
that Goldoni adorned his dramas with "gli milordi Inglesi" in the same
manner as Moliere represented his Parisian marquises (_Letters_, ed.
Wharncliffe, London, 1893, vol. ii. p. 327).

Footnote 393: William Congreve, _The Way of the World_, Act III. Sc. xv.

Footnote 394: Philip Thicknesse, _Observations on the Customs and
Manners of the French Nation_, London, 1766, p. 3.

Footnote 395: Thomas Gray the poet.

Footnote 396: Horace Walpole, _Letters_, ed. Cunningham, London, 1891,
vol. i. p. 24.

Footnote 397: Thomas Gray, _Letters_, ed. Tovey, Cambridge University
Press, 1890, pp. 38, 44, 68.

Footnote 398: James Howell, _Instructions for Forraine Travell_, p. 25
(Arber Reprint).

Footnote 399: _Ibid., Epistolae Ho-Elianae,_ ed. Jacobs, 1892, vol. i. p.
95.

The Renaissance traveller had little commendation for a land that was
not fruitful, rich with grains and orchards. A landscape that suggested
food was to him the fairest landscape under heaven. Far from being an
admirer of mountains, he was of the opinion of Dr Johnson that "an eye
accustomed to flowery pastures and waving harvests is astonished and
repelled by this wide extent of hopeless sterility" and that "this
uniformity of barrenness can afford very little amusement to the
traveller" (_Works_, ed. 1787, vol. x. p. 359).

Footnote 400: _Itinerarii Italiae Rerumq. Romanorum libri tres_ a Franc.
Schotto I.C. ex antiquis novisque Scriptoribus iis editi qui Romam anno
Iubileii sacro visunt. Ad Robertum Bellarminum S.R.E. Card. Ampliss.
Antverpiae. Ex officina Plantiniana apud Joannem Moretum. Anno saecularii
sacro, 1600.

Thomas Cecil in Paris in 1562 studied the richly illustrated
_Cosmographia Universalis_ of Sebastien Munster (pub. Basel 1550) which
gave descriptions of "Omnium gentium mores, leges, religio, res gestae,
mutationes."

Sir Thomas Browne recommends to his son in France in 1661 _Les
Antiquities de Paris_ "which will direct you in many things, what to
look after, that little time you stay there" (_Works_, ed. Wilkin, 1846,
vol. i. p. 16).

Footnote 401: Such as: (_a_) _La Guide des C