aiacol (Guisez). The injections are readily made through
the laryngoscope without the insertion of a bronchoscope. A silk woven
catheter may be used with an ordinary glass syringe or a long-nozzled
laryngeal syringe, or a bronchoscopic syringe may be used.

_Lung-mapping_ by a roentgenogram taken promptly after the
bronchoscopic insufflation of bismuth subnitrate powder or the
injection of a suspension of bismuth in liquid petrolatum is advisable
in most cases of pulmonary abscess before beginning any kind of
treatment.

_Bronchial Stenosis_.--Stenosis of one or more bronchi results at
times from cicatricial contraction following secondary infection of
leutic, tuberculous or traumatic lesions. The narrowing resulting from
foreign body traumatism rarely requires secondary dilatation after the
foreign body has been removed. Tuberculous bronchial stenoses rarely
require local treatment, but are easily dilated when necessary. Luetic
cicatricial stenosis may require repeated dilatation, or even
bronchial intubation. Endobronchial neoplasms may cause a subjacent
bronchiectasis, and superjacent stenosis; the latter may require
dilatation. Cicatricial stenoses of the bronchi are readily
recognizable by the scarred wall and the absence of rings at or near
the narrowing.

_Bronchiectasis_.--In most cases of bronchiectasis there are strong
indications for a bronchoscopic diagnosis, to eliminate such
conditions as foreign body, cicatricial bronchial stenosis, or
endobronchial neoplasm as etiologic factors. In the idiopathic types
considerable benefit has resulted from the endobronchial lavage and
endobronchial oily injections mentioned under lung abscess. It is
probable that if bronchoscopic study were carried out in every case,
definite causes for many so-called "idiopathic" cases would be
discovered. Lung-mapping as elsewhere herein explained is invaluable
in the study of bronchiectasis.

_Bronchial asthma_ affords a large field for bronchoscopic study. As
yet, sufficient data to afford any definite conclusions even as to the
endoscopic picture of this disease have not been accumulated. Of the
cases seen in the Bronchoscopic Clinic some showed no abnormality of
the bronchi in the intervals between attacks, others a chronic
bronchitis. In cases studied bronchoscopically during an attack, the
bronchi were found filled with bubbling secretions and the mucosa was
somewhat cyanotic in color. The bronchial lumen was narrowed only