his that the Papacy expires. And it is our duty to declare
this, without hypocritical reticence, or formulae of speech, which,
feigning to attack and venerate at one and the same time, do but parcel
out, not solve the problem; because the future cannot be fully revealed
until the past is entombed, and by weakly prolonging the delay we run
the risk of introducing gangrene into the wound.

The formula of life and of the law of life from which the Papacy derived
its existence and its mission was that of the _fall_ of man and his
redemption. The logical and inevitable consequences of this formula
were:--

The doctrine of the necessity of _mediation_ between man and God;

The belief in a _direct_, _immediate_, and _immutable_ revelation, and
hence in a privileged class,--naturally destined to centralize in one
individual,--the office of which was to preserve that revelation
inviolate;

The inefficacy of man's own efforts to achieve his own redemption, and
the consequent substitution of unlimited _faith_ in the _Mediator_, for
works,--hence _grace_ and _predestination_ more or less explicitly
substituted for _free-will_;

The separation of the human race into the _elect_ and the _non-elect_;

The _salvation_ of the one, and the eternal _damnation_ of the other;
and, above all,

The duality between earth and heaven, between the _ideal_ and the
_real_, between the _aim_ set before man and a world condemned to
anathema by the _fall_, and incapable, through the imperfection of its
finite elements, of affording him the means of realizing that aim.

In fact, the religious synthesis which succeeded Polytheism did not
contemplate, nor did the historical succession of the epochs allow it to
contemplate, any conception of life embracing more than the
_individual_; it offered the individual a means of salvation _in despite
of_ the egotism, tyranny, and corruption by which he is surrounded on
earth, and which no individual effort could hope to overcome; it came to
declare to him, _The world is adverse to thee; renounce the world and
put thy faith in Christ; this will lead thee to heaven_.

The new formula of life and its law--unknown at that day, but revealed
to us in our own day by our knowledge of the tradition of humanity,
confirmed by the voice of individual conscience, by the intuition of
genius and the grand results of scientific research--may be summed up in
the single word _Progress_,[D] which we now know to be, by Divi