after cutting off the hollow quill."

XXXIII., p. 421.

THE RUKH.

The Chinese traveller Chau Ju-kwa in his work _Chu-fan-chi_ on the Chinese
and Arab trade in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, speaking of the
country of Pi p'a lo (Berbera), says: "The country brings forth also the
(so-called) 'camel crane', which measures from the ground to its crown
from six to seven feet. It has wings and can fly, but not to any great
height." The translators and commentators Hirth and Rockhill have (p. 129)
the following notes: "Quotation from _Ling-wai-tai-ta_, 3, 6a. The ostrich
was first made known to the Chinese in the beginning of the second century
of our era, when some were brought to the court of China from Parthia. The
Chinese then called them _An-si-tsio_ 'Parthian bird.' See _Hou Han Shu_,
88, and Hirth, _China and Roman Orient_, 39. In the _Wei shu_, 102, 12b,
no name is given them, they are simply 'big birds which resemble a camel,
which feed on herbs and flesh and are able to eat fire. In the _T'ang
shu_, 221, 7a, it is said that this bird is commonly called 'camel-bird.'
It is seven feet high, black of colour, its feet like those of the camel,
it can travel three hundred _li_ a day, and is able to eat iron. The
ostrich is called by the Persians _ushturmurgh_ and by the Arabs
_teir al-djamal_, both meaning 'camel birds.'"

Dr. Bretschneider in his Notes on _Chinese Mediaeval Travellers to the
West_ (1875), p. 87, n. 132, has a long note with a figure from the _Pen
ts'ao kang mu_ on the "camel-bird" (p. 88).

Cf. F. Hirth, _Die Laender des Islam_, Supp. Vol. V. of _T'oung Pao_, 1894,
p. 54. Tsuboi Kumazo, _Actes XII'e Cong, Int. Orient.,_ Rome, 1899, II., p.
120.

XXXIII., p. 421.

GIRAFFES.

Speaking of Pi p'a lo (Berbera Coast) Chau Ju-kwa (p. 128) says: "There is
also (in this country) a wild animal called _tsu-la;_ it resembles a camel
in shape, an ox in size, and is of a yellow colour. Its fore legs are five
feet long, its hind legs only three feet. Its head is high up and turned
upwards. Its skin is an inch thick." Giraffe is the iranised form of the
arabic _zuraefa_. Mention is made of giraffes by Chinese authors at Aden
and Mekka. Cf. FERRAND, _J. Asiatique_, July-August, 1918, pp. 155-158.

XXXIV., p. 422.

ZANGHIBAR.

We read in the _Tao i chi lio_: "This country [Ts'eng yao lo] is to the
south-west of the Ta Shih (Arabs). There are no trees on the coast; most
of the land is saline. The arabl