other wand which is of very hard wood cut
to a blunt point, fits it into the notch at right angles; the upright
wand is made to spin rapidly backwards and forwards between the palms of
the hands, drill fashion, and at the same time is pressed downwards; the
friction, in the course of a minute or so, ignites portions of the pith
of the notched stick, which, rolling over like live charcoal on to the
knife-blade, are lifted into a handful of fine dry grass, and carefully
blown, by waving backwards and forwards in the air. It is hard work for
the hands to procure fire by this process, as the vigorous drilling and
downward pressure requisite soon blister soft palms.

Having now entered a country where lions were numerous, our men began to
pay greater attention to the arrangements of the camp at night. As they
are accustomed to do with their chiefs, they place the white men in the
centre; Kanyata, his men, and the two donkeys, camp on our right; Tuba
Mokoro's party of Bashubia are in front; Masakasa, and Sininyane's body
of Batoka, on the left; and in the rear six Tette men have their fires.
In placing their fires they are careful to put them where the smoke will
not blow in our faces. Soon after we halt, the spot for the English is
selected, and all regulate their places accordingly, and deposit their
burdens. The men take it by turns to cut some of the tall dry grass, and
spread it for our beds on a spot, either naturally level, or smoothed by
the hoe; some, appointed to carry our bedding, then bring our rugs and
karosses, and place the three rugs in a row on the grass; Dr.
Livingstone's being in the middle, Dr. Kirk's on the right, and Charles
Livingstone's on the left. Our bags, rifles, and revolvers are carefully
placed at our heads, and a fire made near our feet. We have no tent nor
covering of any kind except the branches of the tree under which we may
happen to lie; and it is a pretty sight to look up and see every branch,
leaf, and twig of the tree stand out, reflected against the clear star-
spangled and moonlit sky. The stars of the first magnitude have names
which convey the same meaning over very wide tracts of country. Here
when Venus comes out in the evenings, she is called Ntanda, the eldest or
first-born, and Manjika, the first-born of morning, at other times: she
has so much radiance when shining alone, that she casts a shadow. Sirius
is named Kuewa usiko, "drawer of night," because supposed to draw