ice conditions limit use of most to short periods in midsummer; even
then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most
Antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and,
except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private
vessels; vessels in any port south of 60 degrees south are subject
to inspection by observers under Article 7 of the Antarctic Treaty;
The Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica (HCA), a special
hydrographic commission of International Hydrographic Organization
(IHO), is responsible for hydrographic surveying and nautical
charting matters in Antarctic Treaty area; it coordinates and
facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and other
aids to navigation in support of safety of navigation in region;
membership of HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose government
has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes resources
and/or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area; members of HCA are
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Ecuador, France,
Germany, Greece, India, Italy, NZ, Norway, Russia, South Africa,
Spain, UK, and US (2007)

Spain
Algeciras, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Tarragona,
Valencia

Spratly Islands
none; offshore anchorage only

Sri Lanka
Colombo

Sudan
Port Sudan

Suriname
Paramaribo, Wageningen

Svalbard
Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden

Sweden
Brofjorden, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Lulea, Malmo, Stenungsund,
Stockholm, Trelleborg, Visby

Switzerland
Basel

Syria
Latakia, Tartus

Taiwan
Chilung (Keelung), Kaohsiung, Taichung

Tanzania
Dar es Salaam

Thailand
Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Prachuap Port, Si Racha

Timor-Leste
Dili

Togo
Kpeme, Lome

Tokelau
none; offshore anchorage only

Tonga
Nuku'alofa

Trinidad and Tobago
Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain

Tunisia
Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Rades, Sfax, Skhira

Turkey
Aliaga, Diliskelesi, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Mercin Limani,
Nemrut Limani

Turkmenistan
Turkmenbasy

Turks and Caicos Islands
Grand Turk, Providenciales

Tuvalu
Funafuti

Uganda
Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell

Ukraine
Feodosiya, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa,
Yuzhnyy

United Arab Emirates
Mina' Zayid (Abu Dhabi), Al Fujayrah, Mina'
Jabal 'Ali (Dubai), Mina' Rashid (Dubai), Mina' Saqr (Ra's al
Khaymah), Khawr Fakkan (Sharja