lling eastern jungle (oriente)

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m

Natural resources:

petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower

Land use:

arable land: 5.71%
permanent crops: 4.81%
other: 89.48% (2005)

Irrigated land:

8,650 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources:

432 cu km (2000)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 16.98 cu km/yr (12%/5%/82%)
per capita: 1,283 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards:

frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods;
periodic droughts

Environment - current issues:

deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution;
pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas
of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world

People
Ecuador

Population:

13,927,650 (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 32.1% (male 2,274,986/female 2,189,437)
15-64 years: 62.7% (male 4,355,909/female 4,381,141)
65 years and over: 5.2% (male 340,861/female 385,316) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 24.2 years
male: 23.7 years
female: 24.7 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.935% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

21.54 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

4.21 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

-7.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 21.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 76.81 years
male: 73.94 years
female: 79.84 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.59 children born/woman (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

0.3% (2003 est.)