necessary to salvation. (2.) That
actual penance cannot purchase the remission of sin. (3.) That there is
no purgatory, and that the holy patriarchs were in heaven before
Christ's passion. (4.) That the pope is Antichrist, and that every
priest hath as much power as he.----For these articles, and because he
refused to abjure them, he was condemned as an obstinate heretic, and
delivered to the secular power by the arch-bishops of St. Andrews and
Glasgow, three bishops, and fourteen underlings, who all set their hands
to the sentence, which, that it might have the greater authority, was
likewise subscribed by every person of note in the university, among
whom the earl of Cassils was one, then not exceeding thirteen years of
age. The sentence follows as given by Mr. Fox, in his acts and
monuments, vol. II. p. 1108.

"_CHRISTI nomine invocato_: We James, by the mercy of God, arch-bishop
of St. Andrews, primate of Scotland, with the counsel, decree and
authority of the most reverend fathers in God, and lords, abbots,
doctors of theology, professors of the holy scripture and masters of the
university, assisting us for the time, sitting in judgment, within our
metropolitan church of St. Andrews, in the cause of heretical pravity,
against Mr Patrick Hamilton, abbot or pensionary of Ferm, being summoned
to appear before us, to answer to certain articles affirmed, taught and
preached by him, and so appearing before us, and accused, the merits of
the cause being ripely weighed, discussed, and understood by faithful
inquisition made in Lent last passed: We have found the same Mr.
Hamilton, many ways infamed with heresy, disputing, holding and
maintaining divers heresies of Martin Luther and his followers,
repugnant to our faith, and which is already condemned by general
councils and most famous universities. And he being under the same
infamy, we decerning before him to be summoned and accused upon the
premises, he of evil mind, (as may be presumed) passed to other parts,
forth of the realm, suspected and noted of heresy. And being lately
returned, not being admitted, but of his own head, without licence or
privilege, hath presumed to preach wicked heresy.

"We have found also, that he hath affirmed, published and taught divers
opinions of Luther, and wicked heresies after that he was summoned to
appear before us and our council: That man hath no free-will: That man
is in sin so long as he liveth: That children, incontinent after