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@Monaco

Monaco Introduction

Background: Economic development was spurred in the late 19th
century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a
casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid
scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a
tourist and recreation center.

Monaco Geography

Location: Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the
southern coast of France, near the border with Italy

Geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 24 E

Map references: Europe

Area: total: 1.95 sq km

land: 1.95 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative: about three times the size of The Mall in
Washington, DC

Land boundaries: total: 4.4 km

border countries: France 4.4 km

Coastline: 4.1 km

Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 NM

Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers

Terrain: hilly, rugged, rocky

Elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m

highest point: Mont Agel 140 m

Natural resources: none

Land use: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (urban area)

Irrigated land: NA sq km

Natural hazards: NA

Environment - current issues: NA

Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography - note: second smallest independent state in the world
(after Holy See); almost entirely urban

Monaco People

Population: 31,842 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375)

15-64 years: 62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083)

65 years and over: 22.45% (male 2,921; female 4,229) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate: 0.46% (2001 est.)

Birth rate: 9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate: 13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate: 7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female

total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 5.83 deaths/1,000