e punishment of treason had been very severe in
European countries. Not only was the person convicted of treason put to
death in the most horrible ways, but his property was forfeited, and no
one could inherit property from him or through him. Thus not only the
person himself, but also his children and his children's children, were
punished. The purpose of this provision is, in the words of Mr. Madison,
to restrain congress "from extending the consequences of guilt beyond the
person of its author."

_Pertinent Questions._

By what authority was the Supreme Court established? By whom is it
organized? Why is such a court necessary? How many judges or justices
constitute the Supreme Court? Name them. Tell what president appointed
each.

How many and what "inferior courts" has congress established? Name the
Supreme Court justice assigned to this circuit. How many other states in
this circuit? Name our two United States circuit judges. Name the United
States district judge. How are these officers appointed? How long do they
serve? State the salary of each class of judges. What legal provision is
there in regard to retiring United States judges?

If a person should rob the mail, in what court would he be tried? Tell
about the Dartmouth College case. If any one should be caught making
cigars without a license, before what court would he be tried? If an
American owed money to an ambassador from a foreign country, and declined
to pay it, how could the ambassador get his pay? If the ambassador owed an
American, how could the American get his pay? Would you, if the United
States government asked you to represent it in a foreign country, like to
be tried by a court of that country?

If a murder be committed in the District of Columbia, in what court is the
trial had? If committed in Minnesota? In Wyoming? If a sailor should steal
from a passenger, when out on the ocean, where would the case be tried and
in what court?

If a state other than the one in which you live should sue you where could
the case be tried? How can the United States be a party to a suit?

Have you knowledge of any case in which one state sued another? If a
merchant in your town should buy goods from a wholesale house in Chicago
or New York, and should fail or refuse to pay for them, how could the
house get its pay? What laws would apply to the case? What principle seems
to be involved in these answers?

How many acts of congress have been declared un