, p. 25.

[11] Le don, ou le droit, de joyeux avenement.

[12] La ceinture de la reine. It consisted of three pence (deniers) on
each hogs-head of wine imported into the city, and was levied every three
years in the capital.--ARNETH, ii, p. 179.

[13] The title "ceinture de la reine" had been given to it because in the
old times queens and all other ladies had carried their purses at their
girdles.

CHAPTER IX

[1] The title by which the count was usually known: that of the countess
was madame.

[2] St. Simon, 1709, ch. v., and 1715, ch. i, vols. vii. and xiii., ed.
1829.

[3] Ibid., 1700, ch xxx., vol. ii., p. 469.

[4] Arneth, ii, p. 206.

[5] Madame de Campan, ch. iv.

[6] Madame de Campan, ch. v., p. 106.

[7] _Id._, p. 101.

[8] "_Sir Peter_. Ah, madam, true wit is more neatly allied to good--
nature than your ladyship is aware of."--_School for Scandal_, act ii.,
sc. 2.

CHAPTER X

[1] "Elle avait entierement le defaut contraire [a la prodigalite], et je
pouvais prouver qu'elle portait souvent l'economie jusqu'a des details
d'une mesquinerie blamable, surtout dans une souveraine."--MADAME DE
CAMPAN, ch. v., p. 106, ed. 1858.

[2] Arneth, ii., p. 307.

[3] See the author's "History of France under the Bourbons," iii., p.
418. Lacretelle, iv., p. 368, affirms that this outbreak, for which in his
eyes "une pretendue disette" was only a pretext, was "evidemment fomente
par des hommes puissans," and that "un salaire qui etait paye par des
hommes qu'on ne pouvait nommer aujourd'hui avec assez de certitude,
excitait leurs fureurs factices."

[4] La Guerre des Farines.

[5] Arneth, ii., p. 342.

[6] "Souvenirs de Vaublanc," i., p. 231.

[7] August 23d, 1775, No. 1524, in Cunningham's edition, vol. vi., p. 245.

[8] The Prince of Wales and the Duke of York, who were just at this time
astonishing London with their riotous living.

CHAPTER XI

[1] "Gustave III. et la Cour de France," i. p. 279.

[2] The Duc d'Angouleme, afterward dauphin, when the Count d'Artois
succeeded to the throne as Charles X.

[3] Marie Antoinette to Maria Teresa, August 12th, 1775, Arneth, ii., p.
366.

[4] "Le projet de la reine etait d'exiger du roi que le Sieur Turgot fut
chasse, meme envoye a la Bastille ... et il a fallu les representations
les plus fortes et les plus instantes pour arreter les effets de la colere
de la Reine."--_Mercy to Maria Teresa_, May 16th, 1776, Arneth, ii., p.
446.

[5] The c