emigrants to the Philippines. Hence, at
first, the "head of a barangay" meant the leader or chief of a family
or group of families. This office, quite analogous to the old Germanic
or Anglo-Saxon "head of a hundred," was adopted and perpetuated by
the Spaniards in their system of local administration.--TR.

[68] The _hermano mayor_ was a person appointed to direct the
ceremonies during the fiesta, an appointment carrying with it great
honor and importance, but also entailing considerable expense,
as the appointee was supposed to furnish a large share of the
entertainments. Hence, the greater the number of _hermanos mayores_
the more splendid the fiesta,--TR.

[69] Mt. Makiling is a volcanic cone at the southern end of the Lake
of Bay. At its base is situated the town of Kalamba, the author's
birthplace. About this mountain cluster a number of native legends
having as their principal character a celebrated sorceress or
enchantress, known as "Mariang Makiling."--TR.

[70] With uncertain pace, in wandering flight, for an instant
only--without rest.

[71] The _chinela_, the Philippine slipper, is a soft leather sole,
heelless, with only a vamp, usually of plush or velvet, to hold
it on.--TR.

[72] "All hope abandon, ye who enter here." The words inscribed over
the gate of Hell: Dante's _Inferno_, III, 9.--TR.

[73] "Listening Sister," the nun who acts as spy and monitor over
the girls studying in a convent.--TR.

[74] "Mas sabe el loco en su casa que el cuerdo en la ajena." The fool
knows more in his own house than a wise man does in another's.--TR.

[75] The College of Santo Tomas was established in 1619 through a
legacy of books and money left for that purpose by Fray Miguel de
Benavides, O. P., second archbishop of Manila. By royal decree and
papal bull, it became in 1645 the Royal and Pontifical University
of Santo Tomas, and never, during the Spanish regime, got beyond the
Thomistic theology in its courses of instruction.--TR.

[76] Take heed lest you fall!

[77] Ferdinand and Isabella, the builders of Spain's greatness,
are known in Spanish history as "Los Reyes Catolicos."--TR.

[78] These spectacular performances, known as "Moro-Moro," often
continued for several days, consisting principally of noisy combats
between Moros and Christians, in which the latter were, of course,
invariably victorious. Typical sketches of them may be found in
Foreman's _The Philippine Islands_, Chap. XXIII, and Stuntz's _The