. With the exception of the aboriginal dwarf
blacks, the Negritos, who are still found inhabiting the forests in
a great number of localities, all the tribes of the islands, whether
Christian, Mohammedan, or Pagan, are, in my belief, derived from
the Malayan race. We probably have in these tribes two types which
represent an earlier and a later wave of immigration; but all came
from the south, all speak languages belonging to one common stock,
and all are closely related in physical type and qualities of mind. As
representative of the first migratory movement may be named the Igorot,
the mountain head-hunter of Northern Luzon; and of the latter almost
any of the present Christian or Mohammedan tribes. The migratory
period of this latter type, which constitutes the great bulk of the
present population of the islands, is almost covered by the early
historical accounts of the exploration and settlement of the Far East.

"Four hundred years ago, when the Portuguese discoverers and
conquerors reached southeastern Asia, they found the long peninsula
in which the continent ends, and the islands stretching south and
east in this greatest and most famous of archipelagoes, inhabited by
a race which called itself Malayu. On the island of Java this race
had some ten centuries before been conquered by Brahmin Hindus from
India, whose great monuments and temples still exist in the ruins
of Boro Budor. Through the influence and power of the Hindus the
Malay culture made a considerable advance, and a Sanskrit element,
amounting in some cases to twenty per cent of the words, entered the
Malayan languages. How far the Hindu actually extended his conquests
and settlements is a most interesting study, but can hardly yet be
settled. He may have colonized the shores of Manila Bay and the coast
of Luzon, where the names of numerous ancient places show a Sanskrit
origin. The Sanskrit element is most pronounced in the Tagalog and
Moro tongues. (Pardo de Tavera, El Sanscrito en la lengua Tagala.)

"Following the Hindus into the Malay archipelago came the Arabs. They
came first as voyagers and merchants, and here as always the Arab
was a proselyter, and his faith spread rapidly. Long before the
Portuguese arrival Islamism had succeeded Brahminism and the Arab had
supplanted the Hindu.... Mohammedanism gradually made its way until,
on the arrival of the Europeans, its frontiers were almost the same
as those of the Malay race itself.

"The peopl