t against the trade acquire a distinct moral
tinge. Although even here the institution was naturally doomed, yet the
clear moral insight of the Quakers checked the trade much earlier than
would otherwise have happened. We may say, then, that the farming
colonies checked the slave-trade primarily from economic motives.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Smith, _Generall Historie of Virginia_ (1626 and 1632), p. 126.

[2] Cf. Southey, _History of Brazil_.

[3] De Laet, in O'Callaghan, _Voyages of the Slavers_, etc., p. viii.

[4] See, e.g., Sainsbury, _Cal. State Papers; Col. Ser.,
America and W. Indies, 1574-1660_, p. 279.

[5] Cf. below, pp. 27, 32, notes; also _Freedoms_, XXX., in
O'Callaghan, _Laws of New Netherland, 1638-74_ (ed. 1868), p.
10; Brodhead, _History of New York_, I. 312.

[6] The following is a summary of the legislation of the
colony of New York; details will be found in Appendix A:--

1709, Duty Act: L3 on Negroes not direct from Africa
(Continued by the Acts of 1710, 1711).
1711, Bill to lay further duty, lost in Council.
1716, Duty Act: 5 oz. plate on Africans in colony ships.
10 oz. plate on Africans in other ships.
1728, " " 40_s._ on Africans, L4 on colonial Negroes.
1732, " " 40_s._ on Africans, L4 on colonial Negroes.
1734, " " (?)
1753, " " 40_s._ on Africans, L4 on colonial Negroes.
(This act was annually continued.)
[1777, Vermont Constitution does not recognize slavery.]
1785, Sale of slaves in State prohibited.
[1786, " " in Vermont prohibited.]
1788, " " in State prohibited.

[7] O'Callaghan, _Laws of New Netherland, 1638-74_, pp. 31,
348, etc. The colonists themselves were encouraged to trade,
but the terms were not favorable enough: _Doc. rel. Col. Hist.
New York_, I. 246; _Laws of New Netherland_, pp. 81-2, note,
127. The colonists declared "that they are inclined to a
foreign Trade, and especially to the Coast of _Africa_, ... in
order to fetch thence Slaves": O'Callaghan, _Voyages of the
Slavers_, etc., p. 172.

[8] _Charter to William Penn_, etc. (1879), p. 12. First
published on Long Island in 1664. Possibly Negro slaves were
explicitly excepted. Cf. _Magazine of American History_, XI.
411, and _N.Y. H