e south of Europe, whence it extends to the Caucasus, and
probably also to China; the Carpinus Turczaninovi of Hance scarcely
seems to differ, in any material point at any rate, from western
examples of C. orientalis. According to Loudon, it was introduced to
this country by Philip Miller in 1739, and there is no doubt that it
is far from common even now. It is, however, well worth growing; the
short twiggy branches, densely clothed with dark green leaves, form a
thoroughly efficient screen. The plant bears cutting quite as well as
the common hornbeam, and wherever the latter will grow this will also
succeed. In that very interesting compilation, "Hortus Collinsonianus,"
the following memorandum occurs: "The Eastern hornbeam was raised from
seed sent me from Persia, procured by Dr. Mounsey, physician to the
Czarina. Received it August 2, 1751, and sowed it directly; next year
(1752) the hornbeam came up, which was the original of all in England.
Mr. Gordon soon increased it, and so it came into the gardens of the
curious. At the same time, from the same source, were raised a new
acacia, a quince, and a bermudiana, the former very different from any
in our gardens." This memorandum was probably written from recollection
long afterward, with an error in the dates, and the species was first
entered in the catalogue as follows: "Azad, arbor persica carpinus
folio, Persian hornbeam, raised from seed, anno 1747; not in England
before." It appears, however, from Rand's "Index" that there was a
plant of it in the Chelsea Garden in 1739. The name duinensis was given
by Scopoli, because of his having first found it wild at Duino. As,
however, Miller had previously described it under the name orientalis,
that one is adopted in accordance with the rule of priority, by which
must be decided all such questions in nomenclature.

[Footnote 2: IDENTIFICATION.--Carpinus orientalis. Miller,
"Gardener's Dictionary," ed. 6 1771; La Marck, Dict, i., 107;
Watson, "Dendrologia Britannica," ii., tab. 98; Reich. Ic. fl.
Germ. et Helvet., xxii., fig, 1298; Tenore, "Flora Neapolitana,"
v., 264; Loudon, Arb. et Fruticet. Brit., iii., 2014, Encycl.
Trees and Shrubs, p. 918; Koch, "Dendrologie." zweit, theil zweit,
abtheil, p. 4. C. duinensis, Scopoli, "Flora Carniolica," 2 ed.,
ii., 243, tab. 60; Bertoloni, "Flora Italica," x., 233; Alph. De
Candolle in Prodr., xvi. (ii.), 126.]

_The American Hornbeam_ [3] also known under the na