's movement, or whether the
workingwomen's movement is also a woman's rights movement or socialism,
depends therefore in every particular case on national and historical
circumstances.

The international organization of the woman's rights movement is as
follows: the International Council of Women consists of the presiding
officers of the various National Councils of Women. Of these latter there
are to-day twenty-seven; but the Servian League of Woman's Clubs has not
yet joined.[2] To a National Council may belong all those woman's clubs of
a country which unite in carrying out a certain general programme. The
programmes as well as the organizations are national in their nature, but
they all agree in their general characteristics, since the woman's rights
movement is indeed an international movement and arose in all countries
from the same general conditions. The first National Council was organized
in the United States in 1888. This was followed by organizations in
Canada, Germany, Sweden, England, Denmark, the Netherlands, Australia
(with five councils), Switzerland, Italy, France, Austria, Norway,
Hungary, etc.

As yet there are no statistics of the women represented in the
International Council. Its membership is estimated at seven or eight
millions. The National Council admits only clubs,--not individuals,--the
chairmen of the various National Councils forming the International
Council of Women solely in their capacity of presiding officers.

This International Council of Women is the permanent body promoting the
organized international woman's rights movement. It was organized in
Washington in 1888.

The woman's suffrage movement, a separate phase of the woman's rights
movement, has likewise organized itself internationally,--though
independently. Woman's suffrage is the most radical demand made by
organized women, and is hence advocated in all countries by the "radical"
woman's rights advocates. The greater part of the membership of the
National Councils have therefore not been able in all cases to insert
woman's suffrage in their programmes. The International Council did
sanction this point, however, June 9, 1904, in Berlin.

A few days previously there had been organized as the International
Woman's Suffrage Alliance, likewise in Berlin, woman's suffrage leagues
representing eight different countries. The leagues which joined the
Alliance represented the United States, Victoria, England, Germany,
Sweden, N