at all? On your
principle, we should have no butterflies, because their careless lives
last but a day."

"Well, Increase," said I, "if, like the butterfly, whose short and
erratic presence imparts another beauty to green fields and blue
skies, and blossoms, and songs of birds, my little book shall be able
to seduce a smile to the lips, or cheat away a pain from the bosom
of one of those whom you are so fond of calling 'pilgrims through a
dreary wilderness,' I shall feel amply compensated for the waste of my
time."

"If your expectations are so moderate, I see no harm in your indulging
them," said my friend; "but I cannot help wishing you had oftener
taken my advice in its composition."

"I have great respect for your opinion," I answered, "but I find it
impossible to pass the ideas of another through the crucible of my
mind and do them justice. Somehow or other, when I am expecting a
stream of gold, it turns out a _caput mortuum_ of lead. No, my better
course is to coin my copper in my own way. But, tell me frankly, what
offends you."

My Rev. friend had, by this time, forgotten his unfortunate volume of
sermons, and resumed his good nature.

"Offends me? my dear friend, and half-parishoner (for I notice a bad
habit you have got into, of late, of attending church only in the
morning--pray reform it), you use a very harsh term. There is nothing
in the book that offends me; although," he added, cautiously, "I
do not mean to say that I sanction entirely either your religious,
philosophical, or political speculations. I am no flatterer, and claim
the privilege of a friend to speak my mind."

"My dear Increase," said I, pressing his hand, "I love you all the
more for your sincerity; but why do you call them my speculations? I
have expressed no opinions. They are the opinions of the characters,
and not mine. I wish you and all the world distinctly to understand
that."

"And yet the world will hold you to account for them. If a man fires
a gun into a crowd, is he not responsible for any mischief that may be
the consequence?"

"I do not expect to make so loud a report," said I, smiling; "but I
protest against your doctrine. Why, according to that, an author is
accountable for all the opinions of his dramatis personae, however
absurd and contradictory they may be."

"I do not go so far as that. I hold that the author is only
responsible for the effect produced: if that effect be favorable to
virtue, he deserves pra