_ i. 214; Leahy, i. 126.

[569] _IT_ i. 287.

[570] Henderson, _Irish Texts_, ii. 210.

[571] _Capit. Karoli Magni_, i. 62; _Leges Luitprand._ ii. 38; Canon 23,
2nd Coun. of Arles, Hefele, _Councils_, iii. 471; D'Achery, v. 215. Some
of these attacks were made against Teutonic superstitions, but similar
superstitions existed among the Celts.

[572] See Grimm, _Teut. Myth._ ii. 498.

[573] A more tolerant note is heard, e.g., in an Irish text which says
that the spirits which appeared of old were divine ministrants not
demoniacal, while angels helped the ancients because they followed
natural truth. "Cormac's Sword," _IT_ iii. 220-221. Cf. p. 152, _supra_.

[574] Caesar, vi. 18; Pliny xxii. 14. Pliny speaks of culling mistletoe
on the sixth day of the moon, which is to them the beginning of months
and years (_sexta luna, quae principia_, etc.). This seems to make the
sixth, not the first, day of the moon that from which the calculation
was made. But the meaning is that mistletoe was culled on the sixth day
of the moon, and that the moon was that by which months and years were
measured. _Luna_, not _sexta luna_, is in apposition with _quae_. Traces
of the method of counting by nights or by the moon survive locally in
France, and the usage is frequent in Irish and Welsh literature. See my
article "Calendar" (Celtic) in Hastings' _Encyclop. of Religion and
Ethics_, iii. 78 f.

[575] Delocke, "La Procession dite La Lunade," _RC_ ix. 425.

[576] Monnier, 174, 222; Fitzgerald, _RC_ iv. 189.

[577] Frazer, _Golden Bough_{2}, ii. 154 f.

[578] Pliny, xvi. 45; Johnson, _Journey_, 183; Ramsay, _Scotland in the
Eighteenth Century_, ii. 449; Sebillot, i. 41 f.; MacCulloch, _Misty
Isle of Skye_, 236. In Brittany it is thought that girls may conceive by
the moon's power (_RC_ iii. 452).

[579] Strabo, iii. 4. 16.

[580] Brand, _s.v._ "New Year's Day."

[581] Chambers, _Popular Rhymes_, 35; Sebillot, i. 46, 57 f.

[582] Polybius, v. 78; _Vita S. Eligii_, ii. 15.

[583] Osborne, _Advice to his Son_ (1656), 79; _RC_ xx. 419, 428.

[584] Aristotle, _Nic. Eth._ iii. 77; _Eud. Eth._ iii. 1. 25; Stobaeus,
vii. 40; AElian, xii. 22; Jullian, 54; D'Arbois, vi. 218.

[585] Sebillot, i. 119. The custom of throwing something at a "fairy
eddy," i.e. a dust storm, is well known on Celtic ground and elsewhere.

[586] _Folk-Lore,_ iv. 488; Curtin, _HTI_ 324; Campbell, _The Fians_,
158. Fian warriors attacked the sea when told it w