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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Knights of Malta, 1523-1798, by R. Cohen This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Knights of Malta, 1523-1798 Author: R. Cohen Release Date: April 15, 2004 [EBook #12034] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KNIGHTS OF MALTA, 1523-1798 *** Produced by Julie Barkley, Bill Hershey and PG Distributed Proofreaders KNIGHTS OF MALTA 1523-1798 BY R. COHEN LATE SCHOLAR OF WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD 1920 THE LOTHIAN PRIZE ESSAY FOR 1920 (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD) CONTENTS CHAPTER I SETTLEMENT AT MALTA, 1523-1565 Departure from Rhodes--Residence in Italy--Settlement in Malta, 1530--Condition of the Mediterranean--The corsairs--Turkey--Fortification of Malta--Loss of English "Langue"--Enterprises of the Order--Solyman decides to attack Malta CHAPTER II THE SIEGE OF MALTA, 1565 Preparations--Size of opposing forces--Siege of St. Elmo--Arrival of Dragut--Capture of St. Elmo, June 23--Death of Dragut--Siege of main fortresses--Great losses on both sides--Arrival of reinforcements from Sicily--Turks evacuate island CHAPTER III THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN Classes in the Order--Langues--Chapter-General--Councils--Grand Master--Bishop of Malta--Finances--Justice--Criminal Council--Court of Egard--The Hospital CHAPTER IV THE DECLINE, 1565-1789 Decadence of Turkey--Knights become anachronism--Valetta built--Fortifying the island--Disturbances in the Order--Quarrels with different Powers--Treatment of the Maltese--Buildings in Valetta--Papal interference--Naval operations--Independence of the Order CHAPTER V THE FALL, 1789-1798 Attacks on the Order during the French Revolution--French estates confiscated--Poverty of the Order--Tsar Paul I.--French schemes--Napoleon appears off Malta--Condition of the island--Its capture--Dispersion of the Order APPENDIX I. APPENDIX II. BOOKS CONSULTED NOTE ON THE AUTHORITIES KNIGHTS OF MALTA CHAPTER I SETTLEMENT AT MALTA 1523-1565. On January 1, 1523, a fleet of fifty vessels put out from the harbour at Rhodes for an unknown destination in the West. On b
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