hardly have been greater if they had been seeking
substitutes to die for them.

(10) Lit. "four plethra."

(11) See Xenophon's treatise "On Horsemanship," xii. 12.

(12) Lit. "lobeless," i.e. with a lobe of the liver wanting--a bad
sign.

B.C. 395. After this, at the first indication of spring, he collected
the whole of his army at Ephesus. But the army needed training. With
that object he proposed a series of prizes--prizes to the heavy infantry
regiments, to be won by those who presented their men in the best
condition; prizes for the cavalry regiments which could ride best;
prizes for those divisions of peltasts and archers which proved most
efficient in their respective duties. And now the gymnasiums were
a sight to see, thronged as they were, one and all, with warriors
stripping for exercise; or again, the hippodrome crowded with horses and
riders performing their evolutions; or the javelin men and archers
going through their peculiar drill. In fact, the whole city where he
lay presented under his hands a spectacle not to be forgotten. The
market-place literally teemed with horses, arms, and accoutrements of
all sorts for sale. The bronze-worker, the carpenter, the smith, the
leather-cutter, the painter and embosser, were all busily engaged in
fabricating the implements of war; so that the city of Ephesus itself
was fairly converted into a military workshop. (13) It would have done
a man's heart good to see those long lines of soldiers with Agesilaus
at their head, as they stepped gaily be-garlanded from the gymnasiums to
dedicate their wreaths to the goddess Artemis. Nor can I well conceive
of elements more fraught with hope than were here combined. Here were
reverence and piety towards Heaven; here practice in war and military
training; here discipline with habitual obedience to authority. But
contempt for one's enemy will infuse a kind of strength in battle. So
the Spartan leader argued; and with a view to its production he ordered
the quartermasters to put up the prisoners who had been captured by
his foraging bands for auction, stripped naked; so that his Hellenic
soldiery, as they looked at the white skins which had never been bared
to sun and wind, the soft limbs unused to toil through constant riding
in carriages, came to the conclusion that war with such adversaries
would differ little from a fight with women.

(13) See Plut. "Marc." (Clough, ii. 262); Polyb. "Hist." x. 20.

By this date a