us most are: Canker-worm, tent-caterpillar,
fringed-wing bud moth, handmaid-moth or yellow-necked caterpillar,
roundheaded borer and the tussock-moth caterpillar on our trees; and
codling-moth, gouger and tree cricket on and in our fruit. We spray
annually, using a horse-power machine, illustrated in former reports of
the State Horticultural Society, for the leaf-eating insects named,
using London purple and clear water, sometimes adding lime. We spray
before the blossom opens, for bud moth, canker-worm and
tent-caterpillar, and after the petals have fallen for codling-moth,
tussock-moth, and fall web-worm. We have been successful except as to
bud moth and fall web-worm. We believe we have greatly reduced the
codling-moth by spraying, and we know we have destroyed the canker-worm.
Have never successfully combated borers, excepting with knife and wire.
Fall web-worms are burned in the tree with a gasoline torch, or the
small limbs with webs are removed and burned. We have as yet found no
particular method for fighting the bud moth successfully.

We gather our apples by hand in common two-bushel seamless sacks, used
in the same manner as for sowing grain. A strap of heavy leather is
attached, making it easy for the shoulder. A hook and ring are also put
on to facilitate the removal of the sack when emptying. We prefer common
straight ladders, with sides from sixteen to twenty inches apart at the
bottom and six inches at the top, rounds fourteen inches apart. We use
bushel boxes for hauling from the orchard to packing-house. We sort into
three grades: No. 1, No. 2, and culls. No. 1's are all sound and firm
apples, of about from two and one-fourth to two and one-half inches in
diameter, the size of the smallest depending on the variety. We put in
the No. 2 grade those that have any defects barring them from the first
grade, yet they make a good second-class for immediate use; we also pack
in this grade any sound apples that run uniformally small.

Of all packages tried, we prefer and use the three-bushel barrel, 17-1/8
inch head and 28-1/2 inch stave. When one head is removed, the barrel is
turned over and a rap with the hand removes all trash. If we are packing
a fine grade of fruit, we put a piece of white paper, cut a little less
than the diameter of the barrel, in before facing. Barrels are
double-faced or plated. We are careful to have the barrels rocked or
shaken often while being filled. The name of variety and our t