received
the submission of la Place, and then to Petit-Goave and Leogane, in the
_cul-de-sac_ of Hispaniola. There he made his headquarters, adopted
every means to attract planters and _engages_, and firmly established
his authority. He made advances from his own purse without interest to
adventurers who wished to settle down to planting, bought two ships to
facilitate trade between the colony and France, and even contrived to
have several lots of fifty women each brought over from France to be
sold and distributed as wives amongst the colonists. The settlements
soon put on a new air of prosperity, and really owed their existence as
a permanent French colony to the efforts of this new governor.[219] It
was under the administration of d'Ogeron that l'Olonnais,[220] Michel le
Basque, and most of the French buccaneers flourished, whose exploits are
celebrated in Exquemelin's history.

The conquest of Tortuga was not the only measure necessary for the
effectual suppression of the buccaneers. Five or six swift cruisers were
also required to pursue and bring to bay those corsairs who refused to
come in with their commissions.[221] Since the Restoration the West
Indies had been entirely denuded of English men-of-war; while the
buccaneers, with the tacit consent or encouragement of Doyley, had at
the same time increased both in numbers and boldness. Letters written
from Jamaica in 1664 placed the number scattered abroad in privateering
at from 1500 to 2000, sailing in fourteen or fifteen ships.[222] They
were desperate men, accustomed to living at sea, with no trade but
burning and plundering, and unlikely to take orders from any but
stronger and faster frigates. Nor was this condition of affairs
surprising when we consider that, in the seventeenth century, there
flowed from Europe to the West Indies adventurers from every class of
society; men doubtless often endowed with strong personalities,
enterprising and intrepid; but often, too, of mediocre intelligence or
little education, and usually without either money or scruples. They
included many who had revolted from the narrow social laws of European
countries, and were disinclined to live peaceably within the bounds of
any organized society. Many, too, had belonged to rebellious political
factions at home, men of the better classes who were banished or who
emigrated in order to keep their heads upon their shoulders. In France
the total exhaustion of public and private fortun