.C. Object, the circulation of the Holy Scriptures in
various languages without note or comment, both at home and abroad.

_Church Penitentiary Association_, 14, York Buildings, Adelphi,
London. Object, the establishment and maintenance of Penitentiaries
and Houses of Refuge throughout the country for the lessening of
vice, and furthering efforts for the recovery of the fallen.

_Church of England Temperance Society_. Object, the Promotion of the
Habits of Temperance; the Reformation of the Intemperate; and the
removal of the Causes which lead to Intemperance.

_The Church Defence Association_. St. Stephen's Palace Chambers, 9,
Bridge Street, Westminster. Object, to resist all attempts to
destroy or weaken the union between Church and State, or to injure
the temporal interests of the Church.

_English Church Union_, 35, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.
Object, to unite Clergy and Laity in loyal Defence of the Doctrine
and Discipline of the Church of England and the Rights and Liberties
of her faithful children.

_The Church Association_, 14, Buckingham Street, Strand. Object, to
uphold the doctrines of the Evangelical Party in the Church of
England. This Society is notorious as the prosecutor of Mr.
Mackonochie and other clergy of the same school. The Free and
Open Church Association, 33, Southampton Street, Strand. Objects,
(1) The throwing open of our Churches for the free and equal use
of all classes; (2) The adoption of the Weekly Offertory instead
of Pew Rents; (3) The opening of Churches throughout the day for
private prayer.

_Tithe Redemption Trust_. (See _Tithes_.)

SOCINIANISM. The doctrine of Faustus Socinus, an Italian, born
1539. He taught that the eternal Father was the one only God, and
that Jesus was God no otherwise than by His superiority over all
creatures. That Jesus Christ was not a mediator between God and man,
but only a pattern to men. That the punishment of Hell will last
only for a time, after which both body and soul will be destroyed.
That it is not lawful for princes to make war. Many of the Anabaptists
are Socinian in doctrine. (See _Unitarianism_.)

SON OF GOD, _see_ Trinity, the Holy.

SPIKE. The high pyramidical capping or roof of a tower. This is
sometimes confounded with the word _Steeple_, which latter really
means the tower, with all its appendages.

SPONSORS. In the administration of Baptism, Sponsors have from time
immemorial held an important place. They are ca