period; and the Poles still substitute an
unctuous clay for the same purpose for the vessels on their navigable
rivers.

CAULKING-BUTT. The opening between ends or joints of the planks when
worked for caulking.

CAULKING-IRONS. The peculiar chisels used for the purpose of caulking:
they are the caulking-iron, the making-iron, the reeming-iron, and the
rasing-iron.

CAULKING-MALLET. The wooden beetle or instrument with which the
caulking-irons are driven.

CAURY. Worm-eaten.

CAVALIER. In fortification, a work raised considerably higher than its
neighbours, but generally of similar plan. Its object is to afford a
plunging fire, especially into the near approaches of a besieger, and to
shelter adjacent faces from enfilade. Its most frequent position in
fortresses is at the salient of the ravelin, or within the bastion; and
in siege-works in the advanced trenches, for the purpose of enabling the
musketry of the attack to drive the defenders out of the covered way.

CAVALLO, by some CARVALHAS. An oceanic fish, well-known as the bonito or
horse-mackerel.

CAVALOT. A gun carrying a ball of one pound.

CAVALRY. That body of soldiers which serves and fights on horseback.

CAVER. _See_ KAVER.

CAVIARE. A preparation of the roe of sturgeons and other fish salted. It
forms a lucrative branch of commerce in Italy and Russia.

CAVIL. A large cleat for belaying the fore and main tacks, sheets, and
braces to. (_See_ KEVELS.)

CAVITY. In naval architecture signifies the displacement formed in the
water by the immersed bottom and sides of the vessel.

CAWE, OR CAWFE. An east-country eel-box, or a floating perforated cage
in which lobsters are kept.

CAWKER. An old term signifying a glass of strong spirits taken in the
morning.

CAY, OR CAYOS. Little insulated sandy spots and rocks. The Spaniards in
the West Indies called the Bahamas _Los Cayos_, which we wrote
_Lucayos_. (_See_ KEY.)

CAZE-MATTE. _See_ CASEMATE.

CAZERNS. _See_ CASERNES.

C.B. The uncials of Companion of the most honourable Order of the Bath.
This grade was recently distributed so profusely that an undecorated
veteran testily remarked that if government went on thus there would
soon be more C.B.'s than A.B.'s in the navy.

CEASE FIRING. The order to leave off.

CEILING. The lining or planks on the inside of a ship's frame: these are
placed on the flat of the floor, and carried up to the hold-beams. The
term is a synonym of _foot-waling_ (whic