trance, so as to preclude a fleet running
out and in to manoeuvre at pleasure; indeed, if the tide does not serve,
there are few of them in which a line-of-battle ship, hard pressed,
could take refuge. A good spacious harbour, easy of access, like that
of Halifax in Nova Scotia, is one of the few advantages, perhaps the
only natural advantage, wanting in the United States.

The American navy list is as follows:--

+=========================+===+=================+===+
YCaptains or Commodores Y 50YPassed MidshipmenY181Y
+-------------------------+---+-----------------+---+
YMasters Commandant Y 50YMidshipmen Y227Y
+-------------------------+---+-----------------+---+
YLieutenants Y279YSailing-Masters Y 27Y
+-------------------------+---+-----------------+---+
YSurgeons Y 50YSail-makers Y 25Y
+-------------------------+---+-----------------+---+
YPassed Assistant SurgeonsY 24YBoatswains Y 22Y
+-------------------------+---+-----------------+---+
YAssistant Surgeons Y 33YGunners Y 27Y
+-------------------------+---+-----------------+---+
YPursers Y 45YCarpenters Y 26Y
+-------------------------+---+-----------------+---+
YChaplains Y 9Y Y Y
+=========================+===+=================+===+

The pay of these officers is on the following scale. It must be
observed, that they do not use the term "half pay;" but when unemployed
the officers are either attached to the various dockyards or on leave.
I have reduced the sums paid into English money, that they may be better
understood by the reader:

+======================================================+===+
YSenior captain, on service Y960Y
+------------------------------------------------------+---+
YOn leave i.e. half-pay Y730Y
+------------------------------------------------------+---+
YCaptains, squadron service Y830Y
+------------------------------------------------------+---+
YNavy Yard and other duty, half pay Y730Y
+------------------------------------------------------+---+
YOff duty, ditto Y525Y
+------------------------------------------------------+---+
YCommanders on service Y525Y
+------------------------------------------------------+---+
YNavy-yard and