communication is rapidly
established between them, composed partly of signs and partly of oral
words, the latter taken from one or both of the languages, but curiously
modified so as hardly to be recognized. Such conventional languages are
usually called "jargons," and their existence is rather brief.

When people communicate with each other in this manner, oral speech is
greatly assisted by sign-language, and it is true that darkness impedes
their communication. The great body of frontiersmen in America who
associate more or less with the Indians depend upon jargon methods of
communication with them; and so we find that various writers and
travelers describe Indian tongues by the characteristics of this jargon
speech. Mr. Spencer usually does.

The Zuni and the Arapaho Indians have a language with a complex grammar
and copious vocabulary well adapted to the expression of the thoughts
incident to their customs and status of culture, and they have no more
difficulty in conveying their thoughts with their language by night than
Englishmen have in conversing without gaslight. An example from each of
three eminent authors has been taken to illustrate the worthlessness of
a vast body of anthropologic material to which even the best writers
resort.

Anthropology needs trained devotees with philosophic methods and keen
observation to study every tribe and nation of the globe almost _de
novo_; and from, materials thus collected a science may be established.

INDEX

Anthropologic archaeology 73, 74
data, limitation of use of 73-86
ethnic characteristics 76, 77
history, customs 76, 77
language 78-81
mythology 81, 82
origin of man 77, 78
picture writing 75
psychology 83, 86
sociology 83

Archaeology, Limitations to the Use of, in study of anthropology 73, 74

Ethnic characteristics, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 76

History and customs, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 76, 77

Language, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 78, 81

List of illustrations, Burial customs 87

Man, Origin of, in connection with the study of anthropology 77, 78

Mythology, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 81, 82

Origin of man, in connection with the study of anthropology 77, 78

Picture writing, Limitations to the use of, in study of anthropology 75

Psychology, Limitations to the use