tribe of animals noticed here is named _Bhemah_, "cattle"
in our version; and in the Septuagint "quadrupeds" in one of the
verses, and "cattle" in the other. Both of these senses are of common
occurrence in the Scriptures, cattle or domesticated animals being
usually designated by this word; while in other passages, as in 1
Kings iv., 33, where Solomon is said to have written a treatise on
"_beasts_, fowls, creeping things, and fishes," it appears to include
all the mammalia. Notwithstanding this wide range of meaning, however,
there are passages, and these of the greatest authority in reference
to our present subject, in which it strictly means the herbivorous
mammals, and which show that when it was necessary to distinguish
these from the predaceous or carnivorous tribes this term was
specially employed. In Leviticus xi., 22-27, we have a specification
of all the Bhemoth that might and might not be used for food. It
includes all the true ruminants, with the coney, the hare, and the
hog, animals of the rodent and pachydermatous orders. The carnivorous
quadrupeds are designated by a different generic term. In this chapter
of Leviticus, therefore, which contains the only approach to a system
in natural history to be found in the Bible, _bhemah_ is strictly a
synonym of _herbivora_, including especially ungulates and rodents.
That this is its proper meaning here is confirmed by the
considerations that in this place it can denote but a part of the land
quadrupeds, and that the idea of cattle or domesticated animals would
be an anachronism. At the same time there need be no objection to the
view that the especial capacity of ruminants and other herbivora for
domestication is connected with the use of the word in this place.

2. The word _remes_, "creeping things" in our version, as we have
already shown, is a very general term, referring to the power of
motion possessed by animals, especially on the surface of the ground.
It here in all probability refers to the additional types of
terrestrial reptiles, and other creatures lower than the mammals,
introduced in this period.

3. The compound term (_hay'th-eretz_) which I have ventured to render
"carnivora," is literally animal of the land; but though thus general
in its meaning, it is here evidently intended to denote a particular
tribe of animals inhabiting the land, and not included in the scope of
the two words already noticed. In other parts of Scripture this term
is us