.]

[Footnote 106: That is Octavius, afterward the Emperor Augustus.]

[Footnote 107: Antony's mother was Julia, sister of Julius Caesar; his
wife was Octavia, sister of Octavius, the Emperor Augustus.]

[Footnote 108: Caesarion was born in 47 B.C., and is believed to have
gone to Rome with his mother Cleopatra in the following year. It has
been pointed out that there could be no reason for putting Caesarion to
death as a possible competitor with Octavius at Rome, for tho Octavius
was only the nephew of Julius Caesar, Caesarion, his son, was not a
Roman citizen. Inasmuch, however, as it was the object of Octavius to
retain Egypt, Caesarion might have been an obstacle to him there.]

[Footnote 109: A son of the elder Dolabella by his first marriage.
Dolabella the elder married Cicero's daughter Tullia, and became one
of Caesar's murderers.]

EPICTETUS

Born, about the middle of the first century, A.D., in
Hierapolis, Phrygia; originally a slave, but became a
freedman of Epaphroditus, a favorite of the emperor Nero; a
pupil of Musonius Rufus; taught philosophy at Rome; banished
with other philosophers by Domitian and settled in
Nicopolis, Epirus, where he taught philosophy, his doctrines
being compiled by his pupil Arrian, the historian; he wrote
nothing himself.

I

OF FREEDOM[110]

He is free who lives as he likes; who is not subject to compulsion, to
restraint, or to violence; whose pursuits are unhindered, his desires
successful, his aversions unincurred. Who, then, would wish to lead a
wrong course of life? "No one." Who would live deceived, erring,
unjust, dissolute, discontented, dejected? "No one." No wicked man,
then, lives as he likes; therefore no such man is free. And who would
live in sorrow, fear, envy, pity, with disappointed desires and
unavailing aversions? "No one." Do we then find any of the wicked
exempt from these evils? "Not one." Consequently, then, they are not
free.

If some person who has been twice Consul should hear this, he will
forgive you, provided you add, "but you are wise, and this has no
reference to you." But if you tell him the truth, that, in point of
slavery, he does not necessarily differ from those who have been
thrice sold, what but chastisement can you expect? "For how," he says,
"am I a slave? My father was free, my mother free. Besides, I am a
senator, too, and the friend of Caesar, and have been twice Consul, and
h