ef and incomplete account we must take leave of the Negro
farmer. Throughout the thesis I have attempted to keep two or three
fundamental propositions constantly in sight. Briefly summarized these
are that we have to do with a race whose inherited characteristics are
largely of African origin; that these have been somewhat modified under
American influences, but are still potent; that the economic environment
in America is not a unit and must finally result in the creation of
different types among the blacks; that the needs of the different
habitats are various; that the segregation from the mass of the whites
is fraught with serious consequences; that measures of wider application
must be adopted if the Negro is to bear his proper part in the progress
of the country; that owing to the great race differences the whites must
take an active interest in the blacks; that in spite of the many
handicaps under which the Negro struggles the outlook is not hopeless if
his willingness to work can so be directed that a surplus will result.
To my mind the Negro must work out his salvation, economic and social.
It cannot be given without destroying the very thing we seek to
strengthen--character. This is the justification for the emphasis now
laid upon industrial training. This training and the resulting character
are the pre-requisites of all race progress. Industrial education is
thus not a fad nor a mere expedient to satisfy the selfish demands of
southern whites. It is the foundation without which the superstructure
is in vain. If I have fairly stated the difficulties in the way and have
shown the possibility of ultimate success, I am content. For the future
I am hopeful.

MAPS SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE NEGROES IN THE SOUTHERN STATES

These maps are particularly referred to in Chapter II. The chief
geological districts are indicated. The figures are based upon the
census of 1900. The maps are here included in the hope that they
may prove of value to students of the problems herein discussed.

=VIRGINIA

NEGRO PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION, 1900

Total Negroes 660,722
Total Whites 1,192,855
Negroes form 35.6% of total=

=VIRGINIA

NEGROES PER SQUARE MILE, 1900

Square Miles in State 40,125
Average Negroes per Mile 16.4
Average Whites per Mile 29.7=

=NORTH CAROLINA

NEGRO PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION, 1900

Total Negroes 624,469
Tota