ces.

CLASS EXERCISES

1. Make out a list of things about human nature which you would like to
know. Paste your list in the front of this book, and as you find your
questions answered in this book, or in other books which you may read,
check them off. At the end of the course, note how many remain
unanswered. Find out whether those not answered can be answered at the
present time.

2. Does everything you do have a cause? What kind of cause?

3. Human nature is shown in human action. Human action consists in
muscular contraction. What makes a muscle contract?

4. Plan an experiment the object of which shall be to learn something
about yourself.

5. Enumerate the professions and occupations in which a knowledge of
some aspect of human nature would be valuable. State in what way it
would be valuable.

6. Make a list of facts concerning a child, which a teacher ought to
know.

7. Make a complete outline of Chapter I.

REFERENCES FOR CLASS READING

MUeNSTERBERG: _Psychology, General and Applied_, Chapters I, II, and V.

PILLSBURY: _Essentials of Psychology_, Chapter I.

PYLE: _The Outlines of Educational Psychology_, Chapter I.

TITCHENER: _A Beginner's Psychology_, Chapter I.

CHAPTER II

DEVELOPMENT OF THE RACE AND OF THE INDIVIDUAL

=Racial Development.= The purpose of this chapter is to make some inquiry
concerning the origin of the race and of the individual. In doing this,
it is necessary for us first of all to fix in our minds the idea of
causality. According to the view of all modern science, everything has a
cause. Nothing is uncaused. One event is the result of other previous
events, and is in turn the cause of other events that follow. Yesterday
flowed into to-day, and to-day flows into to-morrow. The world as it
exists to-day is the result of the world as it existed yesterday. This
is true not only of the inorganic world--the world of physics and
chemistry--but it is true of living things as well. The animals and
plants that exist to-day are the descendants of others that lived
before. There is probably an unbroken line of descent from the first
life that existed on the earth to the living forms of to-day.

Not only does the law of causality hold true in the case of our bodies,
but of our minds as well. Our minds have doubtless developed from
simpler minds just as our bodies have developed from simpler bodies.
That different grades and types of minds are to be found among the
va