0 Moraga, the ensign at the presidio, was sent with seventeen men
to punish the gentiles of the region of the Carquines Strait, who for
several years had been harassing the neophytes at San Francisco, and
sixteen of whom they had killed. Moraga had a hard fight against a
hundred and twenty of them, and captured eighteen, whom he soon
released, "as they were all sure to die of their wounds." The survivors
retreated to their huts and made a desperate resistance, and were so
determined not to be captured that, when one hut was set on fire, its
inmates preferred to perish in the flames rather than to surrender. A
full report of this affair was sent to the King of Spain and as a result
he promoted Moraga and other officers, and increased the pay of some of
the soldiers. He also tendered the thanks of the nation to all the
participants.

Runaway neophytes gave considerable trouble for several years, and in
1819 a force was sent from San Francisco to punish these recalcitrants
and their allies. A sharp fight took place near the site of the present
Stockton, in which 27 Indians were killed, 20 wounded, and 16 captured,
with 49 horses.

The Mission report for 1821-1830 shows a decrease in neophyte population
from 1252 to 219, though this was largely caused by the sending of
neophytes to the newly founded Missions of San Rafael and San
Francisco Solano.

San Francisco was secularized in 1834-1835, with Joaquin Estudillo as
comisionado. The valuation in 1835 was real estate and fixtures,
$25,800; church property, $17,800; available assets in excess of debts
(chiefly live-stock), $16,400, or a total of $60,000. If any property
was ever divided among the Indians, there is no record to show it.

On June 5, 1845, Pio Pico's proclamation was made, requiring the
Indians of Dolores Mission to reunite and occupy it or it would be
declared abandoned and disposed of for the general good of the
department. A fraudulent title to the Mission was given, and antedated
February 10, 1845; but it was afterwards declared void, and the building
was duly returned to the custody of the archbishop, under whose
direction it still remains.

After Commodore Sloat had taken possession of Monterey for the United
States, in 1846, it was merely the work of a day or so to get despatches
to Captain Montgomery, of the ship "Portsmouth," who was in San
Francisco bay and who immediately raised the stars and stripes, and thus
the city of the Golden Gate entere