Report of
Commissioner-General of Immigration, 1906. "Commercial" includes agents,
bankers, hotel-keepers, manufacturers, merchants, and dealers, and other
miscellaneous. "Unskilled" includes draymen, hackmen, and teamsters,
farm laborers, farmers, fishermen, laborers, and servants.

[65] Two hundred and eighty-five thousand four hundred and sixty
immigrants set down as "no occupation," including mainly women and
children, are omitted from this computation.

[66] Less than one-tenth of one per cent.

[67] Industrial Commission, Vol. XV, see index, "Prepaid Tickets," p.
818.

[68] United States Revised Statutes, 1901, Section 1999, Act of July 28,
1868.

[69] Fleming, pp. 692, 693.

[70] "If I were asked what one factor makes most for the amicable
relations between the races in the Delta, I should say, without
hesitation, the absence of a white laboring class, particularly of field
laborers."--Stone, "The Negro in the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta," p. 241.
"There is comparatively little crime in the Black Belt and in the White
Belt. It is in the counties where the races meet on something like
numerical equality and in economic competition that the maximum of crime
is charged against negroes."--_Atlanta University Publications_, No. 9,
p. 48.

[71] In 1905, after losing a strike in New York, the General Executive
Board of the United Garment Workers of America, consisting with one
exception of Russian Jews, adopted the following resolutions:--

Resolved, That the unprecedented movement of the very poor in America
from Europe in the last three years has resulted in wholly changing the
previous social, political, and economic aspects of the immigration
question. The enormous accessions to the ranks of our competing
wage-workers, being to a great extent unemployed, or only partly
employed at uncertain wages, are lowering the standard of living among
the masses of the working people of this country, without giving promise
to uplift the great body of immigrants themselves. The overstocking of
the labor market has become a menace to many trade-unions, especially
those of the lesser skilled workers. Little or no benefit can possibly
accrue to an increasing proportion of the great numbers yet coming; they
are unfitted to battle intelligently for their rights in this republic,
to whose present burdens they but add others still greater. The fate of
the majority of the foreign wage-workers now here has served to
demonstrate on