e Austrian pine about
two-thirds as high, and the bull pine, Ponderosa, is about as high as
the Austrian pine. He told me to set these trees about two feet apart
each way. I thought that too thick, so I set them in rows six feet apart
and about two or three feet apart in the rows. He wished me to alternate
the planting with deciduous trees. He recommended that I add a few
deciduous trees, green ash and box elder and a few elm, and I set them
as far as they would go, but they didn't go very far in setting the
8,000 evergreens. Then I thought it would be a good idea to use the
wolfberry that grows wild on the prairies. I set them alternately with
some of the evergreens, but as they have a very liberal root system it
was hard to get them out. The finest tree in the plantation is the
Austrian pine, and if it continues to do as well as it has the last
three or four years I think the Austrian pine is going to be a very
valuable pine for shelter-belt.

Mr. Kellogg: Have you tested the Douglas spruce?

Mr. Moyer: Not to a great extent. It does well in some localities.

[Illustration: Soft, or Silver, Maple windbreak--to be succeeded by
permanent windbreak of Bur Oak--shown growing between man and boy.]

Mr. Maher: I think the real test is to get them as near native to your
place as you can. The area over which the white spruce grows is greater
than that of any other spruce, possibly greater than any other
evergreen, especially through the northern latitudes. I don't think
there is any question about the Black Hills spruce being the white
spruce that was left there growing when the other timber was destroyed,
if we can adopt that theory. The white spruce from seed from the
Northwest, from the British Columbia countries especially, is perfectly
hardy with you. It is perfectly hardy with us at Devils Lake, which is a
very much more severe test, whereas the white spruce from its southern
limits may not be hardy even here. I think the Black Hills spruce is
perfectly hardy. The distance north and south relatively is not so
important with reference to growing trees as to get them from too far in
the humid district. The white spruce that I would be afraid of would be
the seed from New England and from the farther east limits of its
growth, where the conditions are so much more humid.

Mr. Kellogg: Do you find any trouble with too much protection for
orchards?

Mr. Maher: Where the protection is too close to the orchards I think i