pend on it. That is, if they make up their minds
it is better to cultivate than it is to seed down, their trees are more
apt to be neglected. During the busy part of the season they won't
cultivate as constantly as they ought to. If they would do that I have
not much doubt but what cultivation would be all right right along, if
you will furnish that nitrogen that ought to be in the soil for the
protection of the crop. Clover is the easiest way to get that, and the
trees will be more sure to have the benefit of that if you sow to clover
and grow a crop of hay and turn it under, possibly let it be into clover
two years, but turn that under and cultivate for two or three years and
then put into clover again. I think that would be preferable for the
farmer, for the farmer especially, than it would to undertake to either
cultivate all the time or seed down all the time.

I don't believe it is a good thing to seed down where there are young
trees growing and while the orchard is young. If you will plant your
potatoes in that orchard between the rows and cultivate it, you will do
the cultivating. I haven't got very much faith in the average farmer--I
don't mean you horticulturists--but the average farmer. If he will plant
trees and you advise him to cultivate them while they are young, they
will be neglected after the first year or so. He may while the fever is
on, he may cultivate them one year and the next year about half
cultivate them, and the following years they will grow up to grass and
weeds. Whereas, if he plants potatoes he gets just the right cultivation
for the trees if he cultivates the ground enough to get a good crop of
potatoes. Then in the fall when he digs the potatoes he loosens up the
ground, and it takes up the moisture, and after the fall rains they go
into winter quarters in good shape. It seems to me that is as near right
as I could recommend.

Mr. Hansen: What distance apart ought those apple trees to be?

Mr. Older: Another question along that line. Suppose we concede that a
young orchard ought to be cultivated until it gets eight or ten years
old, then which is the best when you seed it to clover to cut the clover
and throw the hay around the trees for a mulch or just take the hay
away, or what?

Mr. Andrews: I think it would be better to put the hay around the trees
for mulching. If the hay is used and the barnyard manure is taken to the
orchard that would fill the bill pretty well.

Now, the d