Wight and Dorsetshire, and at Wroughton,
near Swindon. They are found in the Lower Greensand, or Upper Neocomian
series, in the Atherfield Clay at Stopham, near Pulborough; occasionally
at the junction of the Hythe and Sandgate beds; and in the Folkeston
beds, at Farnham. At Woburn, Leighton, Ampthill, Sandy, Upware, Wicken
and Potton, near the base of Upper Neocomian iron-sands, there is a band
between 6 in. and 2 ft. in thickness containing "coprolites"; these
consist of phosphatized wood, bones, casts of shells, and shapeless
lumps. The coprolitic stratum of the Speeton Clay, on the coast to the
north of Flamborough Head, is included by Professor Judd with the
Portland beds of that formation. In 1864 two phosphatic deposits, a
limestone 3 ft. thick, with beds of calcium phosphate, and a shale of
half that thickness, were discovered by Hope Jones in the neighbourhood
of Cwmgynen, about 16 m. from Oswestry. They are at a depth of about 12
ft., in slaty shale containing Llandeilo fossils and contemporaneous
felspathic ash and scoriae. A specimen of the phosphatic limestone
analysed by A. Voelcker yielded 34.92% tricalcium phosphate, a specimen
of the shale 52.15% (_Report of Brit. Assoc._, 1865). Phosphatic beds,
supposed to have had a coprolitic origin, are found in the Lower
Silurian rocks of Canada.

See T. J. Herapath, _Chem. Gaz._, 1849, p. 449; W. Buckland, _Geology
and Mineralogy_ (4th ed., 1869); O. Fisher, _Quart. Journ. Geol.
Soc._, 1873, p. 52; J. J. H. Teall, _On the Potton and Wicken
Phosphatic Deposits_ (Sedgwick Prize Essay for 1873) (1875) and "The
Natural History of Phosphatic Deposits," _Proc. Geol. Assoc._ xvi.
(1900); L. W. Collet, _Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin._ xxv. pt. 10, p. 862; T.
G. Bonney, _Cambridgeshire Geology_ (1875); L. Gruner, _Bull. soc.
geol. franc._ xxviii. (2nd series), p. 62; J. Martin, ibid. iii. (3rd
series), p. 273.

COPTOS (Egyptian _Keft_, _Kebto_), the modern KUFT (a village with
railway station a short distance from the west bank of the Nile about 25
m. north-east of Thebes), an ancient city, capital of the fifth nome of
Upper Egypt, and the starting-point of several roads to the Red Sea, of
which that which passes along the valley running due east to Kosseir
past the ancient quarries of Hamm[=a]m[=a]t was the most frequented,
until the foundation of Berenice (q.v.) by Ptolemy Philadelphus made an
even more important line of traffic to the south-west. The gr