ses with
absence of the maxillae (Nos. 16 and 17) are in modern terminology
called agnathous. Deformities like that existing in Nos. 20 and 21 have
been observed in paracephalic and cyclopic fetuses. The coincident
absence of nose and penis (No. 21) is interesting, especially when
taken in conjunction with the popular belief that the size of the
former organ varies with that of the latter. Enlargement of the upper
lip (No. 22), called epimacrochelia by Taruffi, and absence of the lips
(No. 23), known now under the name of brachychelia, have been not
unfrequently noticed in recent times. The next six cases (Nos. 25-30)
were instances of malformations of the upper limb: Nos. 25, 26. and 27
were probably instances of the so-called spontaneous or intrauterine
amputation; and Nos. 28, 29, and 30 were examples of the comparatively
common deformity known as polydactyly. No. 31 was probably a case of
ectopia cordis.

"Then follow five instances of genital abnormalities (Nos. 32-36),
consisting of absence of the penis (epispadias?), absence of penis and
umbilicus (epispadias and exomphalos?), hermaphroditism, imperforate
anus, and nondescent of one testicle. The nine following cases (Nos.
37-45) were anomalies of the lower limbs: Nos. 37, 38, and 42 may have
been spontaneous amputations; Nos. 39 and 40 were doubtless instances
of webbed toes (syndactyly), and the deformity indicated in No. 45 was
presumably talipes equinus. The infant born with three feet (No. 43)
was possibly a case of parasitic monstrosity, several of which have
been reported in recent teratologic literature; but what is meant by
the statement concerning 'male and female legs' it is not easy to
determine.

"Certain of the ten following prodigies (Nos. 46-55) cannot in the
present state of our knowledge be identified. The presence of
congenital patches of white or gray hair on the scalp, as recorded in
No. 46, is not an unknown occurrence at the present time; but what the
Chaldeans meant by ipga, pinde, hali riksi, and kali on the head of the
new-born infant it is impossible to tell. The guess may be hazarded
that cephalhematoma, hydrocephalus, meningocele, nevi, or an excessive
amount of vernix caseosa were the conditions indicated, but a wider
acquaintance with the meaning of the cuneiform characters is necessary
before any certain identification is possible. The 'pieces of skin
hanging from the head' (No. 51) may have been fragments of the
membranes;